First author

Year

Prospective vs. retrospective

Level of Evidence

Patients (n)

Number

of feet

Age

(years, mean)

Male

Sex (n)

Female

Sex (n)

Union

(# feet)

Union rate (%)

Outcome

scores

Graft

Graft augment

Zhang

2020

retrospective

4

6

6

32.9

5

1

5

83

VAS, AOFAS

calcaneus auto + iliac crest auto (6)

Wan

2020

retrospective

4

62

64

nr

31

31

64

100

VAS, AOFAS

none (16), nova bone (16), allo (15), auto (17)

Schipper

2020

retrospective

4

35

35

48.0

nr

nr

33

94

none (2), allo (11), tibia auto (22)

Davies

2007

retrospective

4

92

95

46.0

68

24

89

94

Angus and Cowell

Calcaneus auto (67), iliac crest auto (3), tibia/fibula auto (25)

Sun

2019

retrospective

4

15

15

48.7

8

7

15

100

none (11), iliac crest auto (4)

Farouk

2019

Prospective

4

18

18

30.9

14

4

18

100

VAS, AOFAS

calcaneus auto (18)

Vila-Rico

2017

retrospective

3

65

65

50.0

38

27

62

95

AOFAS

none (65)

Oliva

2017

retrospective

4

19

19

50.9

12

7

18

95

VAS, AOFAS, SF-12

none (19)

Rungprai

2016

retrospective

3

121

129

47.6

67

54

119

92.2

SF-36

none (19), cancellous allo (36), structural allo (4), cancellous auto (12), structural auto (2),

BMP (12), PRP (9), DBX (66)

Holm

2014

retrospective

4

17

17

53.8

9

8

17

100

VAS, AOFAS

none (6), cancellous allo (8), auto (3)

Yavuz

2014

retrospective

4

20

21

44.3

16

4

19

90

AOFAS

none (10), cancellous allo (3), iliac crest auto (8)

Al-Ashhab

2012

retrospective

4

11

11

28.7

11

0

11

100

AOFAS

Calcaneus auto (11)

Albert

2011

Prospective

4

10

10

37.8

6

4

10

100

AOFAS

none (1), auto (1), iliac crest auto (8)

Catanzariti

2005

retrospective

4

40

40

50.0

12

28

33

83

none (10), cancellous allo (5), auto (18), iliac crest auto (4), tibia auto (3),

Diezi

2008

retrospective

4

12

15

45.3

6

6

14

93

AOFAS

tibia (15)

Haskell

2004

retrospective

4

100

101

52.0

48

52

99

98

calcaneus/talus/sinus tarsi auto (101)

Huefner

2001

retrospective

4

6

6

nr

nr

nr

6

100

AOFAS, Hannover Scoring System

iliac crest auto (6)

Johnson

2000

retrospective

4

16

17

56.0

3

13

17

100

AOFAS, Maryland Score

iliac crest auto (9), tibia auto (8)

Lee

2008

retrospective

4

9

10

nr

nr

nr

10

100

cancellous allo (10)

Thermann

1999

retrospective

3

40

40

47.0

33

7

39

98

Hannover Scoring System, CRS

none (7), iliac crest auto (33)

Zollinger

2004

prospective

4

30

30

53.0

19

11

30

100

VAS

iliac crest auto (30)

Buch

1996

retrospective

4

14

14

40.0

12

2

14

100

AOFAS

iliac crest auto (14)

El Shazly

2009

retrospective

4

10

10

42.1

8

2

10

100

AOFAS

none (10)

Lee

2010

retrospective

4

16

16

44.0

16

0

15

94

AOFAS,

Angus and Cowell

Fibula auto (16)

Potenza

2010

retrospective

4

6

7

40.0

4

2

15

100

AOFAS

unspecified graft (7)

Huang

2003

retrospective

4

25

28

41.0

17

8

26

93

tibia auto (28)