Table 3: Biomarkers associated with different PsA disease characteristics and phenotypes.
Disease characteristic, n (%) | Biomarker | Concentration, mean (pg/ml) | Pc-value | |
Variables at clinical examination | ≥ Moderate | ≤ Low | ||
≥ Moderate disease activity1, 87 (32) vs. ≤ Low disease activity1, 185 (68) |
CRP | 16.5 × 106 | 6.76 × 106 | 0.0008 |
IL-6 | 2.35 | 1.24 | 0.001 | |
IL-16 | 240 | 204 | 0.007 | |
Calprotectin | 1.24 × 106 | 0.86 × 106 | 0.014 | |
IL-12/IL-23p40 | 157 | 121 | 0.02 | |
ICAM-1 | 5.72 × 105 | 5.09 × 105 | 0.045 | |
Polyarthritic disease pattern, 130 (52) vs. Mono-/oligo arthritis disease pattern, 123 (49) |
Polyarthritis | Mono-/oligo arthritis | ||
IL-6 | 2.13 | 1.02 | 0.0006 | |
SAA | 13.0 × 106 | 5.41 × 106 | 0.009 | |
CRP | 13.1 × 106 | 5.62 × 106 | 0.012 | |
IL-8 | 16.8 | 10.1 | 0.04 | |
Axial disease with or without peripheral disease, 45 (17) vs. Peripheral disease only, 220 (83) |
Axial | Peripheral | ||
IL-6 | 2.20 | 1.44 | 0.044 | |
IL-16 | 245 | 209 | 0.044 | |
MIP-1β | 108 | 95 | 0.039 | |
Measurable inflammation when clinically active PsA disease 126 (52) vs. Not measurable inflammation when clinically active PsA disease 117 (48) |
Measurable inflammation | Not measurable inflammation | ||
CRP | 15.5 × 106 | 4.16 × 106 | 0.0001 | |
SAA | 13.9 × 106 | 5.20 × 106 | 0.003 | |
IL-6 | 2.10 | 1.12 | 0.003 | |
VCAM | 7.85 × 105 | 6.91 × 105 | 0.017 | |
Calprotectin | 1.15 × 106 | 0.80 × 106 | 0.020 | |
IL-17A | 4.02 | 3.11 | 0.022 | |
TNF-β | 0.534 | 0.307 | 0.022 | |
IL-16 | 225 | 198 | 0.025 | |
IL-12/IL-23p40 | 139 | 114 | 0.040 | |
bDMARD2, ever 42 (16) vs. Never bDMARD 221 (84) |
bDMARD ever | Never bDMARD | ||
TNF-β | 0.864 | 0.338 | 0.0001 | |
TNF-α | 14.5 | 2.91 | 0.0003 | |
Calprotectin | 1.76 × 106 | 0.885 × 106 | 0.0009 | |
CRP | 21.5 × 106 | 8.39 × 106 | 0.016 | |
Tie-2 (lower level) | 3290 | 3530 | 0.027 |
1Upon clinical investigation and collection of blood; 2Etanercept, Adalimumab, Infliximab, Certolizumab, Golimumab, Abatacept, Ustekinumab or Infliximab.