Table 1: Summary of inflammasome structure and ligands.

Class Inflammasomes Inflammasome composition PRR structure (N to C) Ligands
Canonical Inflammasomes NLRP1

Inflammasome
hNLRP1-(P)-ASC-(C)-pro-caspase-1 PYD-NACHT-LRRs-FIIND-CARD Bacillus anthracis lethal toxin
NLRP3

Inflammasome
NLRP3-(P)-ASC-(C)-pro-caspase-1 PYD-NACHT-LRRs Pathogen nucleic acid hybrids, Bacterial pore-generating toxins, Extracellular ATP, Oxidized mtDNA, MtROS,

Monosodium urate, Cholesterol, Potassium efflux, Silica, Crystals, Alum, Asbestos, β-amyloids, Hyaluronan
NLRC4

Inflammasome
NLRC4-(C)-pro-caspase-1 CARD-NACHT-LRRs Bacterial needle subunits, Flagellin, Type III secretion apparatus
AIM2

Inflammasome
AIM2-(P)-ASC-(C)-pro-caspase-1 PYD-HIN200 Microbial double-stranded DNA
Non-canonical

Inflammasomes
Caspase-4/5/11

Inflammasome
Caspase-4/5/11-(C)-LPS CARD-p20-p10 Intracellular LPS

P) Interaction through PYD; C) Interaction through CARD.