Table 1: Existing drugs with therapeutic potentials for COVID-19 (Drug Repurposing) [26-32].
Drug candidate |
Target |
Mechanism of Action on COVID-19 |
Drug category |
Baricitinib |
JAK kinase |
A JAK inhibitor |
Rheumatoid arthritis/Anti-inflammatory |
Lopinavir |
Viral proteases: 3CLpro or PLpro |
Protease inhibitors that may inhibit the viral proteases: 3CLpro or PLpro |
HIV infection |
Ritonavire |
Vviral proteases: 3CLpro or PLpro |
Protease inhibitors that may inhibit the viral proteases: 3CLpro or PLpro |
HIV infection |
Favipiravir (favilavir) |
RdRp |
A purine nucleoside that acts as an alternate substrate leading to inaccurate viral RNA synthesis |
Viral infections |
Remdesivir |
|
A nucleotide analogue that may block viral nucleotide synthesis to stop viral replication |
Ebola virus infection |
Arbidol |
S protein/ACE2d |
An inhibitor that may disrupt the binding of viral envelope protein to host cells and prevent viral entry to the target cell |
Influenza antiviral drug |
Chloroquine |
Endosome/ACE2 |
A drug that can elevate endosomal pH and interfere with ACE2 glycosylation |
Malarial parasite infection |
Nitazoxanide |
N/A |
A drug that may inhibit viral protein expression |
Various helminthic, Protozoal and Viral infection-caused diarrhea |