Table1: Review of the various methods used to create enteric α-syn PD models. α-syn in wild type (WT), oligomer, monomer, or pre-formed fibril (PFF) forms were injected, at various volumes, concentrations, and amounts into the gastrointestinal tracts of Sprague-Daley (SD) rats, mice, or non-human primates (NHPs). Citation denoted in parenthesis.
Enteric α-syn Animal Models |
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|
Animal(s) used |
α-syn Source(s) |
α-synType(s) |
Concentration(s) |
Injection Volume |
Injection Number |
Injection site(s) |
Holmqvist, et al. [111] |
SD Rats |
Human |
WT, oligomer, & PFF |
2 μg/μl, 1 μg/μl, & 1 μg/μl |
3 µL |
5 |
Stomach & duodenum |
Manfredsson, et al. [112] |
SD Rats & NHP |
Mouse & human |
PFF & monomer |
2 µg/µL |
5 µL |
6 |
Descending colon |
Uemura, et al. [113] |
C57BL/6J Mice |
Mouse |
PFF |
2 µg/µL |
3 µL |
8 |
Gastric wall |
Van Den Berge, et al. [114] |
SD Rats |
Human |
WT & S129A mutant |
1 µg/µL |
3 µL |
6 |
Pylorus & duodenum |
Kim, et al.[115] |
C57BL/6J Mice |
Mouse |
PFF |
2.5 µg/µL |
2.5 µL |
4 |
Pylorus & duodenum |
Challis, et al.[116] |
C57BL/6N Mice |
Mouse |
PFF & monomer |
1 µg/µL |
3 µL |
2 |
Duodenum |