Table1: Review of the various methods used to create enteric α-syn PD models. α-syn in wild type (WT), oligomer, monomer, or pre-formed fibril (PFF) forms were injected, at various volumes, concentrations, and amounts into the gastrointestinal tracts of Sprague-Daley (SD) rats, mice, or non-human primates (NHPs). Citation denoted in parenthesis.

Enteric α-syn Animal Models

 

Animal(s) used

α-syn Source(s)

α-synType(s)

Concentration(s)

Injection Volume

Injection Number

Injection site(s)

Holmqvist, et al. [111]

SD Rats

Human

WT,

oligomer, & PFF

2 μg/μl,

1 μg/μl,

& 1 μg/μl

3 µL

5

Stomach & duodenum

Manfredsson, et al. [112]

SD Rats & NHP

Mouse & human

PFF &

monomer

2 µg/µL

5 µL

6

Descending colon

Uemura, et al. [113]

C57BL/6J

Mice

Mouse

PFF

2 µg/µL

3 µL

8

Gastric wall

Van Den Berge, et al. [114]

SD Rats

Human

WT & S129A

mutant

1 µg/µL

3 µL

6

Pylorus & duodenum

Kim, et al.[115]

C57BL/6J

Mice

Mouse

PFF

2.5 µg/µL

2.5 µL

4

Pylorus & duodenum

Challis, et al.[116]

C57BL/6N

Mice

Mouse

PFF &

monomer

1 µg/µL

3 µL

2

Duodenum