Table 1: Summary of clinical data from the five patients

Patient 1 2 3 4 5
Age 20 38 47 71 21
RSE type focal focal generalized (myoclonic) generalized (myoclonic) generalized (nonconvulsive)
RSE etiology structural, prior TBI structural, prior TBI diffuse anoxic brain injury post cardiac arrest diffuse anoxic brain injury post cardiac arrest diffuse anoxic brain injury post cardiac arrest
History of seizure yes yes no no no
Home AEDs none carbamazepine 400 mg BID none none none
AEDs used
*Where applicable, max doses of maintenance therapy are included. No doses were included for those given as standard IV loads (unless otherwise denoted) without maintenance dosing or that were loaded and titrated to the levels in the below columns
midazolam (to 20 mg/hr) lorazepam fosphenytoin(100mg TID) propofol (to 50 mcg/kg/min) phenobarbital levetiracetam(1500mg BID) lacosamide(200mg BID) topiramate(200mg BID midazolam (to 200 mg/hr) fosphenytoin(100mg TID) propofol (to 200 mcg/kg/min) pentobarbital (to 5 mg/kg/hr) phenobarbital(120mg BID) levetiracetam(1500mg BID) lacosamide(200mg BID) topiramate(200mg BID) pregabalin(200mg BID) midazolam (to 100 mg/hr) propofol (to 100 mcg/kg/min) ketamine (to 500 mcg/min) levetiracetam(3000 mg BID) valproate (500mg BID) phenobarbital lacosamide (200 mg BID) pregabalin (200 mg BID) midazolam (to 200 mg/hr) fosphenytoin (150mg TID) phenobarbital(260 mg BID) pentobarbital (to 3 mg/kg/hr) ketamine (to 700 mcg/min) levetiracetam (3000mg BID) lacosamide (200 mg BID) topiramate (400 mg BID) midazolam (to 20 mg/hr) phenobarbital pentobarbital (up to 4mg/kg/hr) levetiracetam (1000mg BID)
Free phenytoin level (mg/L) 1.95 - 2.81 1.21 – 3.43 N/A 1.65 – 3.84 N/A
Phenobarbital level (mg/L) 37 64 31 45 17
Pentobarbital level (mg/L) N/A 60 N/A 29 73
Time from presentation to initiation of hypothermia protocol 10 hours 6 days 1 hour 1 hour 30 minutes
Time to target temperature of 33° C (hours) 15 7 8.5 4 2.5
Time at target temperature (hours) 42 79 24 24 24
Rewarming time (hours) 13.5 8 14 9 13.5
Burst suppression achieved yes yes no only for short intervals yes
Seizures post rewarming none none yes yes yes
Complications pneumonia, ileus pneumonia, acidosis, lipemia, cardiomyopathy, DVT pneumonia, hypotension pneumonia, acute renal failure, acidosis, transaminitis, hypotension pneumonia, acute renal failure, hypotension, heart failure
Hospital stay (days) 18 23 4 18 17
Final outcome survived (at baseline) survived (at baseline) expired (comfort care) expired (comfort care) expired (comfort care)
Pre-admission mRS 1 2 0 0 0
Last follow-up mRS 1 2 6 6 6


AEDs: Antiepileptic Drugs; TBI: Traumatic Brain Injury; N/A: Not Applicable; BID: Twice Daily; DVT: Deep Vein Thrombosis; mRS (modified Rankin Scale)