Table 1: Clinical Examination of the child with three follow up data.
S. No |
Tests |
1st Visit (After 2 months) |
2nd Visit (After 6 months) |
3rd Visit (After 9 months) |
1 |
History taking |
Poor concentration at distance |
Improved fixation and concentration while watching television & at school noted by the parent and teacher |
Improved hand-writing and reading speed noted by the parent |
2 |
Best Corrected Visual acuity (Cardiff acuity) |
OU: 0.3 LogMAR |
OD: 0.3 LogMAR OS: 0.0 LogMAR |
OD: 0.2 LogMAR OS: 0.0 LogMAR |
3 |
Manifest refraction
Cycloplegic Refraction |
OU: +1.00 DS/-0.50 DC × 180
OU: +1.50 DS/-0.50 DC × 180 |
OU: +1.50 DS/-1.50 DC × 170
OU: +2.00DS/ -1.50 DC × 170 |
OU: +1.50 DS/-1.50 DC × 170
OU: +2.00DS/ -1.50 DC × 170 |
4 |
Anterior segment |
Horizontal pendular nystagmus with chin down position |
Regressed Horizontal pendular nystagmus |
Regressed Horizontal pendular nystagmus |
5 |
Posterior segment |
Within normal limit |
Within normal limit |
Within normal limit |
6 |
Fixation |
< 5 seconds |
8-10 seconds |
> 10-15 seconds |
7 |
Eye movement (NSUCO method) |
Poor ability and accuracy (Score: 4) |
Good ability and accuracy, Head and body movement present (Score: 10) |
Good ability and accuracy with limited head movement and no body movement (Score: 18) |
8 |
Cover test |
Couldn’t perform |
2-3 prism Esophoria at distance and near |
2-3 prism Esophoria at distance and near |
9 |
Stereopsis with Titmus fly test |
Couldn’t perform |
800 seconds of arc |
400 seconds of arc |
10 |
Worth four dot test |
Couldn’t perform |
Fusion at all distances |
Fusion at all distances |
11 |
MEM |
High |
High |
High |
12 |
Amplitude of accommodation with Push up method |
Couldn’t perform |
Reduced |
Reduced |
13 |
TVPS |
Couldn’t perform |
Couldn’t perform |
Not age appropriate |
14 |
Bilateral integration with Standing Snow-Angel test |
Couldn’t perform |
Couldn’t perform |
Motor Overflow present |
15 |
Piaget left-right concept |
Couldn’t perform |
Couldn’t perform |
Age-appropriate |
16 |
Diagnosis |
Poor fixation and eye movements |
Improved fixation, saccades and pursuits. Need to work on accommodation and stereopsis |
Improved stereopsis, Reduced accommodation and visual perception |
17 |
Management |
In-office vision therapy along with home therapy for m/o & b/o fixation, eye movement and eye-hand co-ordination. |
In-office vision therapy along with home therapy for further improvement in eye movements, accommodation and stereopsis |
In-office vision therapy along with home therapy for improvement in phoria status, accommodation, vergence and visual perception |
Abbreviation: MEM: Monocular Estimation Method