Emergency department based studies suggesting that UDS screens are not associated with patient management or disposition.

Table 4: Emergency department based studies suggesting that UDS screens are not associated with patient management or disposition.

Author	# patients	Setting	Methodology	Population	Other factors considered?^*
Korn, et al. [6]	212	ED	Retrospective cohort	Psychiatric patients in ED	No
Eisen, et al. [23]	133	ED	Prospective observational	ED	Yes, in design✦
Fortu, et al. [24]	652	Pediatric ED	Retrospective cohort	Psychiatric patients in peds ED	No
Janiak & Atteberry [7]	502	ED	Retrospective cohort	Psychiatric patients in ED	No
Montague, et al. [25]	107	ED	Prospective observational	Overdose patients in ED	No
Olshaker, et al. [5]	352	ED	Retrospective cohort	Psychiatric patients in ED	Yes, in design✦✦
Schiller, et al. [26]	392	PES	Prospective randomized	PES	No✦✦✦

^*see text for description; ✦Before/after design asking physicians whether results of UDS altered care plans; ✦✦Other labs and elements of the history/physical included in analysis;✦✦✦physicians allowed to order screens for all patients based on clinical judgment.