Summary of Key Findings of Spirituality-Coping Studies.

Table 1: Summary of Key Findings of Spirituality-Coping Studies.

Author/Year	Sample	Study Design	Findings
Ellison, Boardman, Williams & Jackson (2001) [30]	A multistage area probability sample of 1,139 adults 18 years of age and older and who resided in Wayne, Oakland, and Macomb counties in Michigan; including African-Americans who were oversampled.	Cross-sectional data analyses from the 1995 Detroit Area Study (DAS).	Church attendance positively associated with wellbeing and inversely associated with psychological distress. No evidence that support the notion that religious involvement exacerbates stress.
Jang & Johnson (2004) [31]	A national multistage probability sample of 659 non-Hispanic Black adults aged 29-90.	Cross-sectional data analyses from Wave 4 of the National Survey of Black Americans (NSBA), a nationally representative panel survey of adult African Americans.	Religious commitment inversely associated with distress; confounded by sense of control and social support.
Eliassen, Taylor, & Lloyd (2005) [32]	1,785 young adults aged 19-21 who attended the Miami-Dade County public school system. This included 463 non-Hispanic whites, 434 African Americans, 435 persons of Cuban heritage, and 453 non-Cuban Hispanics.	Cross-sectional data analyses from the Transitions Study at the Life Course and Health Research Center (LCHRC).	Africans more depressed and religious than non-Hispanic whites Subjective religious practice inversely associated with depressive symptoms among respondents who scored higher in religiosity Social support attenuated the relationship between religiosity and depression.
Holt & McClure (2006) [33]	33 African Americans aged 34-84.	Semi-structured interviews conducted at 11 predominantly African American churches.	"God" and church family helped to cope with the deleterious effects of their health issues.
Ellison, Musick, and Henderson (2008) [34]	A national multistage probability sample of 645 non-Hispanic Black adults aged 26-86.	Cross-sectional data analyses from Waves 3 and 4 of the National Survey of Black Americans (NSBA), a nationally representative panel survey of adult African Americans.	Religious guidance, church-based social support, and church attendance were inversely related with psychological distress.
Chatters, Taylor, Jackson, & Lincoln (2008) [35]	A national multistage probability sample of 3,570 African Americans, 891 non-Hispanic whites, and 1,621 Blacks of Caribbean descent aged 18 years or older.	Cross-sectional data analyses of the National Survey of American Life (NSAL), a nationally representative panel survey of adult African Americans.	African-Americans were significantly more likely than non-Hispanic Whites to utilize spirituality-coping when faced with life stressors.
Archibald (2010) [36]	A national multistage probability sample of 3,570 African Americans.	Cross-sectional data analyses of the National Survey of American Life (NSAL), a nationally representative panel survey of adult African Americans.	Higher levels of spirituality, on average, tended to reduce the effects of life stressors on depressive symptoms therefore reducing levels of depressive symptoms and was confounded by sense of control and social support.