Table 1: Parental and offspring characteristics.
ODM1 | ODM2 | OGDM | P | |
n = 51 | n = 21 | n = 87 | ||
ODM characteristics | ||||
Age at follow-up (years) | 10.9 ± 2.6 | 9.2 ± 3.7 | 9.7 ± 3.0 | < 0.05 |
BMI (kg/m2) ¶ | 17.4 (3.7) | 17.1 (5.7) | 17.0 (3.3) | 0.14 |
BMI SDS | 0.6 ± 1.25 | 1.2 ± 1.47 | 0.6 ± 1.32 | 0.12 |
Overweight or obese (%) | 8 (16) | 8 (38) | 17 (20) | 0.10 |
Height (cm) | 149 ± 19 | 138 ± 25 | 141 ± 20 | < 0.05 |
cTH (cm) | 176 ± 7.8 | 175 ± 7.3 | 176 ± 7.3 | 0.10 |
Neonatal characteristics | ||||
Gestational age at birth (weeks) ¶ | 38 (2) | 38 (1) | 39 (2) | < 0.05 |
Birthweight (gr) ¶ | 3535 (915) | 3730 (545) | 3555 (738) | 0.63 |
Large for gestational age (%) | 24 (47) | 7 (33) | 23 (26) | < 0.05 |
Breastfed (%) | 38 (75) | 12 (57) | 53 (61) | 0.20 |
Breastfed ≥ 6 months (%)* | 7 (18) | 4 (33) | 18 (34) | 0.24 |
n = 33 | n = 13 | n = 72 | ||
Maternal characteristics** | ||||
Age at child birth (years) | 33.3 ± 3.4 | 32.6 ± 5.4 | 33.6 ± 4.3 | 0.82 |
Caucasian (%) | 33 (100) | 10 (77) | 62 (86) | < 0.05 |
Education university of applied sciences (%) | 17 (52) | 3 (23) | 23 (32) | < 0.05 |
BMI before pregnancy | ||||
BMI (kg/m2) ¶ | 24.0 (3.8) | 29.4 (7.8) | 26.2 (7.6) | < 0.05 |
BMI classification (%) | < 0.05 | |||
Normal weight | 22 (67) | 2 (15) | 29 (40) | |
Overweight (BMI > 25/<= 30) | 8 (24) | 5 (39) | 24 (33) | |
Obese (BMI > 30) | 3 (9) | 6 (46) | 19 (27) | |
Paternal characteristics | ||||
Current BMI (kg/m2) ¶ | 24.7 (5.0) | 27.2 (5.2) | 25.8 (3.7) | 0.11 |
Diabetes (currently, any type) (%) | 2 (4) | 0 | 1 (1) | 0.41 |
Values are n (%) or mean ± SD or median (interquartile range) in skewed data ¶; *no. missing values for ODM1 13; ODM2 9; OGDM 34; **Eldest infant of the mother born our center (e.g. primiparous women); BMI SDS based on values of Dutch nationwide growth study [22].