Table 1: The characteristics of the patients included in the analysis.
|
Bacteremia negative (N = 35) |
Bacteremia Positive (N = 75) |
Measure of association/ differences P-value |
Gender |
|
|
0.462** |
Female |
11 (31.43%) |
29 (38.67%) |
|
Male |
24 (68.57%) |
46 (61.33%) |
|
Age (in years) |
3.70 (± 2.43) |
4.24 (± 3.09) |
0.3561** |
Weight (in kilograms) |
15.89 (± 6.36) |
16.80 (± 7.60) |
0.5415** |
Short bowel syndrome |
|
|
0.094* |
No |
3 (8.57%) |
1 (1.33%) |
|
Yes |
32 (91.43%) |
74 (98.67%) |
|
Intestinal obstruction/pseudo obstruction |
|
|
0.537* |
No |
34 (97.14%) |
74 (98.67%) |
|
Yes |
1 (2.86%) |
1(1.33%) |
|
Other GI diagnosis |
|
|
0.237* |
No |
33 (94.29%) |
74 (98.67%) |
|
Yes |
2 (5.71%) |
1 (1.33%) |
|
History of prematurity |
|
|
0.189^ |
No |
11 (31.43%) |
15 (20%) |
|
Yes |
24 (68.57%) |
60 (80%) |
|
Type of central line |
|
|
0.380* |
PICC |
3 (8.57%) |
3 (4%) |
|
BroviacÒ |
32 (91.43%) |
72 (96%) |
|
Number of CVC lumens |
|
|
NA |
1 |
35 (100%) |
74 (98.67%) |
|
2 |
0 (0%) |
1 (1.33%) |
|
TPN administered through central line |
|
|
0.537* |
No |
1 (2.86%) |
1 (1.33%) |
|
Yes |
34 (97.14%) |
74 (98.57%) |
|
Additional enteral nutrition |
|
|
0.999* |
No |
1 (2.86%) |
3 (4.00%) |
|
Yes |
34 (97.14%) |
72 (96%) |
|
G-tube or GJ tube present? |
|
|
0.873^ |
No |
7 (20%) |
16 (21.33%) |
|
Yes |
28 (80%) |
59 (78.67%) |
|
Any prior bacteremia |
|
|
0.999* |
No |
2 (5.71%) |
6 (8%) |
|
Yes |
33 (94.29%) |
69 (92%) |
|
Fever measured prior to arrival |
|
|
0.267* |
No |
1 (2.86%) |
8 (10.67%) |
|
Yes |
34 (97.14%) |
67 (89.33%) |
|
Height of fever at home |
101.45 (± 0.93) |
101.86 (± 1.06) |
0.0642** |
Presence of upper respiratory symptoms |
|
|
0.665^ |
No |
19 (54.29%) |
44 (58.67%) |
|
Yes |
16 (45.71%) |
31 (41.33%) |
|
Triage/Initial temperature (Co) |
37.96 (± 0.98) |
38.17 (± 1.04) |
0.3107** |
Triage/Initial heart rate |
147 (± 25.26) |
152.28 (± 25.87) |
0.3175** |
Triage/Initial respiratory rate |
27.08 (± 5.30) |
29.55 (± 9.71) |
0.1634** |
Triage/Initial systolic blood pressure |
110.81 (± 11.52) |
111.82 (± 17.42) |
0.7684** |
Triage/Initial diastolic blood pressure |
68.48 (± 11.60) |
66.39 (± 11.77) |
0.4146** |
Triage/Initial pulse oximetry |
98.8 (± 1.35) |
98.34 (± 2.94) |
0.3777** |
Total white blood cell count |
7.3 (3.96 - 10.76) |
6.66 (4.69 - 10.8) |
0.613~ |
Total absolute neutrophil count |
4.09 (2.44 - 6.97) |
4.98 (2.9 - 7.35) |
0.320~ |
CRP |
3.9 (2 - 6.1) |
4.3 (2.9 - 6.6) |
|
Urine dip and/or micro obtained |
|
|
0.551^ |
No |
17 (48.57%) |
41 (54.67%) |
|
Yes |
18 (51.43%) |
34 (45.33%) |
|
Urine leukocyte esterase |
|
|
0.155^ |
Negative |
15 (42.86%) |
28 (37.33%) |
|
Trace |
0 (0%) |
3 (4%) |
|
Small |
0 (0%) |
2 (2.67%) |
|
Moderate |
- |
- |
|
Large |
- |
- |
|
Unknown |
3 (8.57%) |
1 (1.33%) |
|
Urine nitrite |
|
|
0.178* |
Negative |
15 (42.86%) |
32 (42.67%) |
|
Positive |
0 (0%) |
1 (1.33%) |
|
Unknown |
3 (8.57%) |
1 (1.33%) |
|
Urine microscopy count |
|
|
0.074* |
0-3 |
5 (14.29%) |
8 (10.67%) |
|
3-5 |
0 (0%) |
2 (2.67%) |
|
5-10 |
3 (8.57%) |
0 (0%) |
|
No micro obtained |
10 (28.57%) |
24 (32%) |
|
Total fluid bolus given in ED (milliliters) |
340 (0 - 624) |
475 (80-800) |
0.312~ |
Total fluid bolus/weight (kg) |
20.08 (0 - 40.12) |
29.20 (18.74 - 57.06) |
0.137~ |
Total fluid bolus/weight (kg) category |
|
|
|
0 - 20 |
17 (48.57%) |
29 (38.67%) |
0.068* |
> 20 - 40 |
9 (25.71%) |
22 (29.33%) |
|
> 40 - 60 |
7 (20%) |
7 (9.33%) |
|
> 60 |
2 (5.71%) |
17 (22.67%) |
|
Disposition |
|
|
0.305* |
Admit to floor |
35 (100%) |
71 (94.67%) |
|
Admit to NICU or PICU |
0 (0%) |
4 (5.33%) |
|
Reason for ICU admission |
|
|
NA |
Vasoactive meds needed |
0 (0%) |
3 (4%) |
|
Other |
0 (0%) |
1 (1.33%) |
|
Discharge temp (Co) |
37.17 (± 0.77) |
37.17 (± 0.69) |
0.9585** |
Discharge heart rate |
126.09 (± 20.02) |
129.05 (± 21.34) |
0.4901** |
Discharge respiratory rate |
25.89 (± 5.41) |
27.75 (± 8.04) |
0.2166** |
Discharge systolic blood pressure |
103.20 (± 9.36) |
101.14 (± 12.85) |
0.3978** |
Discharge diastolic blood pressure |
66.83 (± 11.97) |
61.86 (± 13.59) |
0.0675** |
Discharge pulse oximetry |
99.06 (± 1.20) |
98.30 (± 5.53) |
0.4396** |
Urine culture obtained |
|
|
0.491^ |
No |
20 (57.14%) |
48 (64%) |
|
Yes |
15 (42.86%) |
27 (36%) |
|
Platelets |
186 (117 - 262) |
146 (99 - 196) |
0.043~ |
^: Statistical difference is based on Chi-Square test.
**: The difference in mean between two groups is based on two sample t-test.
~: The difference in median between two groups is based on quantile regression model.
*: Statistical differences are based on Fisher’s exact test.