Table 3: The association between child, maternal, community-level characteristics, and influenza diagnosis among vaccinated children (N = 266).
|
|
Influenza Positive N = 43 n (%) |
Influenza Negative N = 223 n (%) |
OR (95% CI) |
|
Child Characteristics |
|||
|
Age |
|
|
|
|
< 0.5 |
2 (5) |
53 (24) |
0.10 (0.02, 0.46) |
|
0.5-1 |
2 (5) |
27 (12) |
0.20 (0.04, 0.92) |
|
1-1.5 |
2 (5) |
23 (10) |
0.24 (0.05, 1.09) |
|
1.5-2 |
3 (7) |
13 (6) |
0.63 (0.16, 2.42) |
|
2-3 |
3 (7) |
14 (6) |
0.58 (0.15, 2.23) |
|
3-4 |
4 (9) |
17 (8) |
0.64 (0.19, 2.12) |
|
4-5 |
5 (12) |
16 (7) |
0.85 (0.28, 2.60) |
|
≥ 5 |
22 (51) |
60 (27) |
1.00 |
|
Sex |
|||
|
Male |
27 (63) |
113 (51) |
1.00 |
|
Female |
16 (37) |
110 (49) |
0.61 (0.31, 1.92) |
|
Birthweight (grams) |
|||
|
< 2,500 |
6 (14) |
70 (32) |
0.38 (0.15, 0.96) |
|
2,500-4,000 (typical) |
32 (74) |
143 (64) |
1.00 |
|
≥ 4,000 |
5 (12) |
10 (4) |
2.23 (0.72, 6.99) |
|
Race |
|||
|
White |
20 (47) |
104 (47) |
1.00 |
|
Black |
16 (37) |
88 (40) |
0.95 (0.46, 1.94) |
|
Other |
7 (16) |
31 (14) |
1.17 (0.45, 3.04) |
|
Ethnicity |
|||
|
Non-Hispanic |
36 (84) |
190 (85) |
1.00 |
|
Hispanic |
7 (16) |
33 (15) |
1.12 (0.46, 2.73) |
|
Insurance Type |
|||
|
Private |
12 (28) |
66 (30) |
1.00 |
|
Public |
29 (67) |
145 (65) |
1.10 (0.53, 2.29) |
|
Self-Pay |
2 (5) |
12 (5) |
0.92 (0.18, 4.63) |
|
Respiratory Season |
|||
|
2012-2013 |
6 (14) |
26 (12) |
1.00 |
|
2013-2014 |
0 (0) |
19 (9) |
< 0.001 (< 0.001, > 999.999) |
|
2014-2015 |
6 (14) |
26 (12) |
1.00 (0.29, 3.51) |
|
2015-2016 |
4 (9) |
26 (12) |
0.67 (0.17, 2.64) |
|
2016-2017 |
6 (14) |
36 (16) |
0.72 (0.21, 2.49) |
|
2017-2018 |
7 (16) |
54 (24) |
0.56 (0.17, 1.84) |
|
2018-2019 |
14 (33) |
36 (16) |
1.69 (0.57, 4.97) |
|
Maternal Characteristics |
|||
|
Age |
|
|
|
|
< 20 |
2 (5) |
10 (4) |
1.07 (0.21, 5.49) |
|
20-24.9 |
12 (28) |
64 (29) |
1.00 |
|
25-29.9 |
6 (14) |
57 (26) |
0.56 (0.20, 1.59) |
|
30-34.5 |
15 (35) |
53 (24) |
1.51 (0.65, 3.50) |
|
≥ 35 |
8 (19) |
39 (17) |
1.09 (0.41, 2.91) |
|
Parity |
|||
|
0 |
13 (30) |
77 (35) |
1.00 |
|
1 |
14 (33) |
77 (35) |
1.08 (0.48, 2.44) |
|
≥ 2 |
16 (37) |
69 (31) |
1.37 (0.62, 3.06) |
|
Feeding type at delivery |
|||
|
Breastmilk Only |
20 (47) |
77 (35) |
1.00 |
|
Formula and Breastmilk |
10 (23) |
49 (22) |
0.79 (0.34, 1.82) |
|
Formula Only |
11 (26) |
77 (35) |
0.55 (0.25, 1.23) |
|
Neither |
2 (5) |
20 (9) |
0.39 (0.08, 1.79) |
|
Any perinatal smoking |
|||
|
No |
37 (86) |
181 (81) |
1.00 |
|
Yes |
6 (14) |
42 (19) |
0.70 (0.28, 1.76) |
|
Community-level |
|||
|
High proportion unemployment |
|||
|
No |
24 (56) |
128 (57) |
1.00 |
|
Yes |
19 (44) |
95 (43) |
1.07 (0.55, 2.06) |
|
High proportion with less than bachelor’s degree |
|||
|
No |
23 (53) |
113 (51) |
1.00 |
|
Yes |
20 (47) |
110 (49) |
0.89 (0.46, 1.72) |
|
High proportion living below poverty |
|||
|
No |
26 (60) |
130 (58) |
1.00 |
|
Yes |
17 (40) |
93 (42) |
0.91 (0.47, 1.78) |