Table 3: Univariate analysis of factors related to complications.

 

Variable

Odds Ratio

95% CI

P-Value

Female sex

1.65

0.37-7.32

0.72

Age ≥ 75 years

0.88

0.28-2.74

0.83

PS ≤ 1

2.99

0.92-9.66

0.064

Symptom

 

 

 

 Chest pain

1.91

0.50-7.20

0.34

Comorbidities

 

 

 

 DM

1.97

0.45-8.55

0.49

 Dyslipidemia

3.68

0.70-19.2

0.12

 HT

1.48

0.48-4.59

0.49

 Neoplasm

2.16

0.39-12.0

0.46

 CHF

1.36

0.30-6.20

1.00

 CVD

0.36

0.11-1.21

0.092

 CCI ≥ 3

2.21

0.74-57.0

0.12

Laboratory findings

 

 

 

 WBC ≥ 8000/μL

1.65

0.30-9.11

0.67

 Hb ≤ 10 g/dL

0.26

0.078-0.84

0.022

 Ht ≤ 35%

0.22

0.056-0.88

0.042

 Alb ≤ 2.5 g/dL

0.26

0.045-1.54

0.24

 LDH ≤ 205 IU

0.97

0.30-3.14

0.96

 Na ≤ 134 mEq/L

0.77

0.18-3.30

0.72

 CRP ≥ 10 mg/dL

1.58

0.51-4.93

0.56

Pleural effusion

 

 

 

 LDH ≥ 4630 IU

0.90

0.23-3.52

0.88

 Purulence

0.75

0.19-1.96

0.73

 Positive culture

0.59

0.18-1.96

0.39

Imaging findings

 

 

 

Fluid-pocket diameter ≥ 10 cm

0.59

0.15-2.34

0.45

 Multilocular collection

0.47

0.046-4.91

0.64

Chest-tube size

 

 

 

 > 18 Fr

0.23

0.013-3.95

0.27

 > 20 Fr

4.90

1.45-16.6

0.008

 > 22 Fr

4.75

1.37-16.5

0.011

 

CI: Confidence interval; PS: Performance status; DM: Diabetes mellitus; HT: Hypertension; CHF: Chronic heart failure; CVD: Cerebrovascular disease; CCI: Charlson comorbidity index; WBC: White blood cell; Hb: Hemoglobin; Ht: Hematocrit; Alb: Albumin; LDH: Lactase dehydrogenase; Na: Sodium; CRP: C- reactive protein; Fr: French