Univariate analysis

Multivariate analysis

Patient characteristics

Incidence

Radiographic REPE

OR

95% CI

p-value

OR

95% CI

p-value

Age > 65 years

20.2%

25.0%

1.41

0.59

3.34

0.438

Female

30.8%

20.8%

1.04

0.47

2.30

0.928

Race

African American

40.4%

23.3%

1.00

1.00

1.00

--

Hispanic

32.8%

21.7%

0.91

0.40

2.07

0.824

Caucasian

20.7%

15.2%

0.59

0.20

1.76

0.342

Other

6.1%

9.1%

0.33

0.04

2.76

0.306

Smoking history

53.0%

22.3%

1.30

0.62

2.73

0.482

Effusion characteristics

Massive

19.7%

45.0%

3.94

1.49

10.43

0.006

2.12

0.65

6.94

0.215

Malignant

64.6%

16.8%

0.56

0.27

1.17

0.124

Exudative

72.7%

18.0%

0.61

0.28

1.32

0.208

Right-sided

67.7%

21.7%

1.30

0.58

2.92

0.525

Initial diagnosis

35.9%

20.6%

1.03

0.48

2.21

0.942

Duration > 4 weeks

70.2%

21.1%

1.18

0.52

2.66

0.690

Drainage data

Drained > 50%

11.1%

45.5%

4.13

1.62

10.57

0.003

3.51

1.09

11.26

0.035

Complete drainage

17.7%

22.9%

1.21

0.50

2.94

0.680

Pneumothorax

10.6%

25.0%

1.35

0.46

4.01

0.584

Pneumothorax ex vacuo

8.6%

23.5%

1.23

0.38

4.03

0.731

Comorbidities

Anemia

27.8%

23.1%

1.20

0.55

2.63

0.649

Atrial fibrillation

9.1%

23.5%

1.23

0.38

4.03

0.731

Chronic renal disease

15.7%

25.0%

1.38

0.54

3.55

0.506

Cirrhosis

18.7%

19.4%

0.93

0.35

2.47

0.881

Coronary disease

11.6%

31.8%

2.03

0.76

5.42

0.159

Diabetes

26.3%

26.5%

1.65

0.76

3.59

0.208

Heart failure

13.6%

26.9%

1.55

0.60

4.03

0.369

Hypertension

49.0%

100.0%

2.19

1.03

4.67

0.042

2.60

1.15

5.85

0.021

Hypoalbuminemia

18.7%

23.5%

1.21

0.48

3.00

0.688

Obesity

22.2%

18.9%

1.06

0.41

2.72

0.903