Univariate analysis

Multivariate analysis

Patient characteristics

Incidence

Clinical REPE

OR

95% CI

p-value

OR

95% CI

p-value

Age > 65 years

20.2%

2.5%

0.99

0.11

9.08

0.991

Female

30.8%

0.0%

--

--

--

--

Race

African American

40.4%

2.5%

1.00

1.00

1.00

--

Hispanic

32.8%

1.5%

0.61

0.05

6.87

0.689

Caucasian

20.7%

2.4%

0.98

0.09

11.08

0.984

Other

6.1%

8.3%

3.55

0.30

42.42

0.318

Smoking history

53.0%

2.9%

1.34

0.22

8.19

0.753

Effusion characteristics

Massive

19.7%

5.1%

2.81

0.45

17.43

0.267

Malignant

64.6%

2.3%

0.82

0.13

5.00

0.826

Exudative

72.7%

2.1%

0.55

0.09

3.40

0.523

Right-sided

67.7%

3.0%

1.94

0.21

17.70

0.558

Initial diagnosis

35.9%

2.8%

1.20

0.20

7.34

0.845

Duration > 4 weeks

70.2%

2.2%

0.64

0.10

3.93

0.630

Drainage data

Drained > 50%

11.1%

13.6%

13.74

2.16

87.43

0.006

11.22

1.67

75.16

0.013

Complete drainage

17.7%

5.7%

3.23

0.52

20.11

0.208

Pneumothorax

10.6%

14.3%

14.58

2.28

93.10

0.005

Pneumothorax ex vacuo

8.6%

11.8%

7.91

1.23

51.08

0.030

5.55

0.75

40.81

0.092

Comorbidities

Anemia

27.8%

5.5%

3.92

0.64

24.15

0.140

Atrial fibrillation

9.1%

0.0%

--

--

--

--

Chronic renal disease

15.7%

3.2%

1.36

0.15

12.58

0.787

Cirrhosis

18.7%

0.0%

--

--

--

--

Coronary disease

11.6%

4.3%

1.94

0.21

18.18

0.560

Diabetes

26.3%

1.9%

0.70

0.08

6.37

0.748

Heart failure

13.6%

7.4%

4.48

0.71

28.15

0.110

Hypertension

49.0%

2.1%

0.69

0.11

4.21

0.685

Hypoalbuminemia

18.7%

2.7%

1.22

0.12

12.11

0.864

Obesity

22.2%

4.5%

6.29

0.56

71.07

0.137