Table 5: Univariate and multivariate analysis of clinical REPE.
Univariate analysis |
Multivariate analysis |
|||||||||
Patient characteristics |
Incidence |
Clinical REPE |
OR |
95% CI |
p-value |
OR |
95% CI |
p-value |
||
Age > 65 years |
20.2% |
2.5% |
0.99 |
0.11 |
9.08 |
0.991 |
|
|
|
|
Female |
30.8% |
0.0% |
-- |
-- |
-- |
-- |
|
|
|
|
Race |
||||||||||
African American |
40.4% |
2.5% |
1.00 |
1.00 |
1.00 |
-- |
|
|
|
|
Hispanic |
32.8% |
1.5% |
0.61 |
0.05 |
6.87 |
0.689 |
|
|
|
|
Caucasian |
20.7% |
2.4% |
0.98 |
0.09 |
11.08 |
0.984 |
|
|
|
|
Other |
6.1% |
8.3% |
3.55 |
0.30 |
42.42 |
0.318 |
|
|
|
|
Smoking history |
53.0% |
2.9% |
1.34 |
0.22 |
8.19 |
0.753 |
|
|
|
|
Effusion characteristics |
||||||||||
Massive |
19.7% |
5.1% |
2.81 |
0.45 |
17.43 |
0.267 |
|
|
|
|
Malignant |
64.6% |
2.3% |
0.82 |
0.13 |
5.00 |
0.826 |
|
|
|
|
Exudative |
72.7% |
2.1% |
0.55 |
0.09 |
3.40 |
0.523 |
|
|
|
|
Right-sided |
67.7% |
3.0% |
1.94 |
0.21 |
17.70 |
0.558 |
|
|
|
|
Initial diagnosis |
35.9% |
2.8% |
1.20 |
0.20 |
7.34 |
0.845 |
|
|
|
|
Duration > 4 weeks |
70.2% |
2.2% |
0.64 |
0.10 |
3.93 |
0.630 |
|
|
|
|
Drainage data |
||||||||||
Drained > 50% |
11.1% |
13.6% |
13.74 |
2.16 |
87.43 |
0.006 |
11.22 |
1.67 |
75.16 |
0.013 |
Complete drainage |
17.7% |
5.7% |
3.23 |
0.52 |
20.11 |
0.208 |
|
|
|
|
Pneumothorax |
10.6% |
14.3% |
14.58 |
2.28 |
93.10 |
0.005 |
|
|
|
|
Pneumothorax ex vacuo |
8.6% |
11.8% |
7.91 |
1.23 |
51.08 |
0.030 |
5.55 |
0.75 |
40.81 |
0.092 |
Comorbidities |
||||||||||
Anemia |
27.8% |
5.5% |
3.92 |
0.64 |
24.15 |
0.140 |
|
|
|
|
Atrial fibrillation |
9.1% |
0.0% |
-- |
-- |
-- |
-- |
|
|
|
|
Chronic renal disease |
15.7% |
3.2% |
1.36 |
0.15 |
12.58 |
0.787 |
|
|
|
|
Cirrhosis |
18.7% |
0.0% |
-- |
-- |
-- |
-- |
|
|
|
|
Coronary disease |
11.6% |
4.3% |
1.94 |
0.21 |
18.18 |
0.560 |
|
|
|
|
Diabetes |
26.3% |
1.9% |
0.70 |
0.08 |
6.37 |
0.748 |
|
|
|
|
Heart failure |
13.6% |
7.4% |
4.48 |
0.71 |
28.15 |
0.110 |
|
|
|
|
Hypertension |
49.0% |
2.1% |
0.69 |
0.11 |
4.21 |
0.685 |
|
|
|
|
Hypoalbuminemia |
18.7% |
2.7% |
1.22 |
0.12 |
12.11 |
0.864 |
|
|
|
|
Obesity |
22.2% |
4.5% |
6.29 |
0.56 |
71.07 |
0.137 |
|
|
|
|
REPE: Re-expansion Pulmonary Edema; OR: Odds Ratio; CI: Confidence Interval