Table 2: Mechanism that may be involved in the onset and progression of sarcopenia.
Age-related (primary mechanism) | Sex hormones, apoptosis, mitochondrial dysfunction |
Endocrine dysfunction | Corticosteroids, GH, IGF-1, abnormal thyroid function, insulin resistance |
Neuro-degenerative diseases | Motor neuron loss |
Inadequate nutrition/malabsorption | cachexia |
Disuse | Immobility, physical inactivity zero gravity |