A summary of investigations of the proximal tibia.

Table 4: A summary of investigations of the proximal tibia.

First author	Plateau depth	AP plateau	ML plateau	Plateau ratio	Offset	Master shape	Posterior prox tibia	ACL insertion site
Hashemi [8]	ND^M
Bellemans [86]		M	M	F ND
Bisson [19]	F
Cheng [40]		M^M	M^M
Lim [18]		M	M	M
Yue [13]		M^a ND^b	M^a ND^b
Tang [27]					M¹
Erkocak [23]		M	M	M
Hartel [25]						ND²
Hartel [26]						ND²
Hovinga [24]			M
Kucukdurmaz [88]		ND
Stone [89]			M^a,b
Sun [28]							ND³
Scheffel [29]								ND⁴
SUMMARY	½ studies say no difference, ½ showed greater depth in females	Majority show greater AP plateau depth in males	Majority show greater ML plateau width in males	2/3 studies showed greater aspect ratios in males; 1 showed greater or no difference in females	Greater offset in males	No sex difference in “master shape” of proximal tibia	No sex difference in posterior arc/radius	No sex difference in tibial insertion site of ACL

ND: No statistical difference; F: Greater/larger in females; M: Greater/larger in males; X^a: With adjustments (such as weight, height, BMI, bone length); X^b: Without adjustments (such as weight, height, BMI, bone length); X^M: Medial only; X¹: Anterolateral tibial shaft offset relative to tibial plateau; X²: Master shape of tibia plateau (model); X³: Posterior proximal tibia arc angle/radius; X⁴: Tibial ACL insertion site as % of total AP tibial plateau dimension.