Table 5: A summary of investigations of the patella.
First author |
Patella height |
Patella width |
Patella thickness |
Patella bone volume |
Patella SA |
Patella width to thickness ratio |
Patella morphology sex model |
Balcarek [37] |
ND |
||||||
Berry [66] |
M |
||||||
Lee [85] |
M |
M |
|||||
Huang [30] |
Ma |
Ma |
Ma |
ND |
|||
Mahfouz [32] |
93.51% accurate |
||||||
Mahfouz [31] |
96% accurate |
||||||
Shang [41] |
M |
M |
M |
||||
Yoo [87] |
M |
M |
M |
||||
SUMMARY |
Majority show greater height in males |
All show greater width in males, even after adjustment |
All show greater thickness in males, even after adjustment |
Greater in males |
Greater in males |
No sex difference |
3d modeling has high sex identification accuracy |
ND: No statistical difference; F: Greater/larger in females; M: Greater/larger in males; Xa: With adjustments (such as weight, height, BMI, bone length); Xb: Without adjustments (such as weight, height, BMI, bone length).