Table 2: Outcome variables before and after 8-weeks.

 

Control-group (n = 15)

CT-group (n = 15)

p-values

 

Pre

Post

Pre

Post

Time

Time X Group

Group

Weight (kg)

87.0 ± 17.43

87.4 ± 17.14

89.3 ± 16.32

87.2 ± 16.46

p = 0.047

p = 0.004

p = 0.862

BMI (kg/m2)

29.7 ± 5.44

29.8 ± 5.36

32.0 ± 5.21

31.1 ± 5.14

p = 0.018

p = 0.008

p = 0.364

BF%

37.2 ± 10.39

38.5 ± 10.59

43.2 ± 9.74

41.8 ± 10.18

p = 0.877

p = 0.001

P = 0.225

BF-kg (kg)

32.8 ± 13.44

34.0 ± 13.53

38.8 ± 12.05

36.7 ± 11.85

p = 0.396

p = 0.004

P = 0.357

LBM%

28.6 ± 5.70

27.2 ± 5.40

25.0 ± 5.99

25.9 ± 6.34

p = 0.373

p = 0.001

p = 0.252

LBM-kg (kg)

25.4 (28.02)

24.5 (26.96)

22.2 (20.32)

22.3 (20.50)

p = 0221

-

p = 0.824

WC (cm)

91.1 ± 10.75

91.5 ± 11.03

93.1 ± 9.94

91.8 ± 10.35

p = 0.351

p = 0.059

p = 0.762

Hip (cm)

105.3 ± 9.53

105.7 ± 10.22

110.9 ± 11.95

110.3 ± 11.29

p = 0.740

p = 0.012

p = 0.212

WHR

0.9 ± 0.86

0.9 ± 0.86

0.8 ± 0.78

0.8 ± 0.85

p = 0.249

p = 0.185

p = 0.286

SBP (mmHg)

118.5 (120.0)

121.5 (123.0)

118.1 (115.0)

116.6 (110.0)

P = 0.144

 

p = 0.002

DBP (mmHg)

80.7 ± 11.94

84.6 ± 9.89

83.6 ± 10.02

78.2 ± 6.93

p = 0.661

p = 0.009

p = 0.592

HR (bpm)

73.9 ± 10.89

76.0 ± 9.91

83.2 ± 11.65

79.3 ± 9.35

p = 0.312

p = 0.003

p = 0.103

MAP (mmHg)

93.1 ± 12.01

96.9 ± 9.43

93.5 ± 7.15

89.3 ± 7.54

p = 0.796

p = 0.001

p = 0.282

RPP (mmHg*bpm)

8788.9 ± 1707.54

9173.2 ± 1279.28

9881.9 ± 1714.53

8863.9 ± 1468.54

p = 0.026

p = 0.001

p = 0.483

LDL (mg/dL)

109.5 ± 18.24

116.5 ± 30.74

113.3 ± 26.54

108.5 ± 18.80

p = 0.840

p = 0.267

p = 0.766

HDL (mg/dL)

50.5 ± 12.09

60.7 ± 37.90

46.6 ± 9.06

46.7 ± 11.13

p = 0.249

p = 0.261

p = 0.169

Triglycerides (mg/dL)

114.3 ± 75.92

111.9 ± 45.78

95.9 ± 37.19

95.6 ± 33.36

p = 0.866

p = 0.894

p = 0.314

TC (mg/dL)

182.9 (21.94)

183.9 (48.09)

179.3 (29.45)

174.3 (23.79)

p = 0.853

-

p = 0.530

Glucose (mg/dL)

95.0 ± 9.81

100.9 ± 0.40

89.7 ± 12.01

96.8 ± 8.69

p = 0.005

p = 0.781

p = 0.143

LHAMS (N)

168.1 ± 34.41

166.7 ± 32.35

162.9 ± 33.51

169.1 ± 32.87

p = 0.013

p = 0.001

p = 0.913

RHAMS (N)

162.7 ± 34.69

164.2 ± 36.26

150.1 ± 52.46

166.2 ± 32.18

p = 0.097

p = 0.161

p = 0.711

LQUADS (N)

165.9 ± 37.01

166.3 ± 36.63

178.3 ± 50.04

182.7 ± 46.98

p = 0.013

p = 0.040

p = 0.367

RQUADS (N)

175.1 ± 42.48

176.6 ± 42.79

171.5 ± 36.00

175.1 ± 34.41

p = 0.020

p = 0.327

p = 0.857

VO2 peak (ml O2/kg/min)

15.5 ± 2.75

15.8 ± 2.83

15.6 ± 1.88

17.3 ± 2.44

p = 0.001

p = 0.001

p = 0.258

Data are means ± SD for normally-distributed variables and median (interquartile range) for non-normally distributed variables; for non-normally distributed variables Time effect was assessed with Kruskal-Wallis Test and Group effect with Wilcoxon Test for each group. Only the p-value for CT group is presented in the table. Data in bold for the p value indicate significant Group × Time interaction.

Abbreviations: BMI: Body Mass Index; BF%: Percentage of Body Fat; BF-Kg: Body Fat in kilos; LBM%: Percentage of Lean Body Mass; LBM-Kg: Lean Body Mass in kilos; WC: Waist circumference; cm: centimetres; WHR: Waist to hip ratio; SBP: Systolic Blood Pressure; DBP: Diastolic Blood Pressure; HR: Heart Rate; MAP: Mean Arterial Pressure; RPP: Rate Pressure Product; bpm: beats per minute; mmHg: millimetres of Mercury; LDL: Low Density Lipoprotein; HDL: High Density Lipoprotein; TC: Total Cholesterol; mg/dL: Milligrams per decilitre; N: Newton; HAMS: Hamstrings; QUADS: Quadriceps; VO2 peak: Maximal Oxygen Consumption.