Table 2: Outcome variables before and after 8-weeks.
|
Control-group (n = 15) |
CT-group (n = 15) |
p-values |
||||
|
Pre |
Post |
Pre |
Post |
Time |
Time X Group |
Group |
Weight (kg) |
87.0 ± 17.43 |
87.4 ± 17.14 |
89.3 ± 16.32 |
87.2 ± 16.46 |
p = 0.047 |
p = 0.004 |
p = 0.862 |
BMI (kg/m2) |
29.7 ± 5.44 |
29.8 ± 5.36 |
32.0 ± 5.21 |
31.1 ± 5.14 |
p = 0.018 |
p = 0.008 |
p = 0.364 |
BF% |
37.2 ± 10.39 |
38.5 ± 10.59 |
43.2 ± 9.74 |
41.8 ± 10.18 |
p = 0.877 |
p = 0.001 |
P = 0.225 |
BF-kg (kg) |
32.8 ± 13.44 |
34.0 ± 13.53 |
38.8 ± 12.05 |
36.7 ± 11.85 |
p = 0.396 |
p = 0.004 |
P = 0.357 |
LBM% |
28.6 ± 5.70 |
27.2 ± 5.40 |
25.0 ± 5.99 |
25.9 ± 6.34 |
p = 0.373 |
p = 0.001 |
p = 0.252 |
LBM-kg (kg) |
25.4 (28.02) |
24.5 (26.96) |
22.2 (20.32) |
22.3 (20.50) |
p = 0221 |
- |
p = 0.824 |
WC (cm) |
91.1 ± 10.75 |
91.5 ± 11.03 |
93.1 ± 9.94 |
91.8 ± 10.35 |
p = 0.351 |
p = 0.059 |
p = 0.762 |
Hip (cm) |
105.3 ± 9.53 |
105.7 ± 10.22 |
110.9 ± 11.95 |
110.3 ± 11.29 |
p = 0.740 |
p = 0.012 |
p = 0.212 |
WHR |
0.9 ± 0.86 |
0.9 ± 0.86 |
0.8 ± 0.78 |
0.8 ± 0.85 |
p = 0.249 |
p = 0.185 |
p = 0.286 |
SBP (mmHg) |
118.5 (120.0) |
121.5 (123.0) |
118.1 (115.0) |
116.6 (110.0) |
P = 0.144 |
|
p = 0.002 |
DBP (mmHg) |
80.7 ± 11.94 |
84.6 ± 9.89 |
83.6 ± 10.02 |
78.2 ± 6.93 |
p = 0.661 |
p = 0.009 |
p = 0.592 |
HR (bpm) |
73.9 ± 10.89 |
76.0 ± 9.91 |
83.2 ± 11.65 |
79.3 ± 9.35 |
p = 0.312 |
p = 0.003 |
p = 0.103 |
MAP (mmHg) |
93.1 ± 12.01 |
96.9 ± 9.43 |
93.5 ± 7.15 |
89.3 ± 7.54 |
p = 0.796 |
p = 0.001 |
p = 0.282 |
RPP (mmHg*bpm) |
8788.9 ± 1707.54 |
9173.2 ± 1279.28 |
9881.9 ± 1714.53 |
8863.9 ± 1468.54 |
p = 0.026 |
p = 0.001 |
p = 0.483 |
LDL (mg/dL) |
109.5 ± 18.24 |
116.5 ± 30.74 |
113.3 ± 26.54 |
108.5 ± 18.80 |
p = 0.840 |
p = 0.267 |
p = 0.766 |
HDL (mg/dL) |
50.5 ± 12.09 |
60.7 ± 37.90 |
46.6 ± 9.06 |
46.7 ± 11.13 |
p = 0.249 |
p = 0.261 |
p = 0.169 |
Triglycerides (mg/dL) |
114.3 ± 75.92 |
111.9 ± 45.78 |
95.9 ± 37.19 |
95.6 ± 33.36 |
p = 0.866 |
p = 0.894 |
p = 0.314 |
TC (mg/dL) |
182.9 (21.94) |
183.9 (48.09) |
179.3 (29.45) |
174.3 (23.79) |
p = 0.853 |
- |
p = 0.530 |
Glucose (mg/dL) |
95.0 ± 9.81 |
100.9 ± 0.40 |
89.7 ± 12.01 |
96.8 ± 8.69 |
p = 0.005 |
p = 0.781 |
p = 0.143 |
LHAMS (N) |
168.1 ± 34.41 |
166.7 ± 32.35 |
162.9 ± 33.51 |
169.1 ± 32.87 |
p = 0.013 |
p = 0.001 |
p = 0.913 |
RHAMS (N) |
162.7 ± 34.69 |
164.2 ± 36.26 |
150.1 ± 52.46 |
166.2 ± 32.18 |
p = 0.097 |
p = 0.161 |
p = 0.711 |
LQUADS (N) |
165.9 ± 37.01 |
166.3 ± 36.63 |
178.3 ± 50.04 |
182.7 ± 46.98 |
p = 0.013 |
p = 0.040 |
p = 0.367 |
RQUADS (N) |
175.1 ± 42.48 |
176.6 ± 42.79 |
171.5 ± 36.00 |
175.1 ± 34.41 |
p = 0.020 |
p = 0.327 |
p = 0.857 |
VO2 peak (ml O2/kg/min) |
15.5 ± 2.75 |
15.8 ± 2.83 |
15.6 ± 1.88 |
17.3 ± 2.44 |
p = 0.001 |
p = 0.001 |
p = 0.258 |
Data are means ± SD for normally-distributed variables and median (interquartile range) for non-normally distributed variables; for non-normally distributed variables Time effect was assessed with Kruskal-Wallis Test and Group effect with Wilcoxon Test for each group. Only the p-value for CT group is presented in the table. Data in bold for the p value indicate significant Group × Time interaction.
Abbreviations: BMI: Body Mass Index; BF%: Percentage of Body Fat; BF-Kg: Body Fat in kilos; LBM%: Percentage of Lean Body Mass; LBM-Kg: Lean Body Mass in kilos; WC: Waist circumference; cm: centimetres; WHR: Waist to hip ratio; SBP: Systolic Blood Pressure; DBP: Diastolic Blood Pressure; HR: Heart Rate; MAP: Mean Arterial Pressure; RPP: Rate Pressure Product; bpm: beats per minute; mmHg: millimetres of Mercury; LDL: Low Density Lipoprotein; HDL: High Density Lipoprotein; TC: Total Cholesterol; mg/dL: Milligrams per decilitre; N: Newton; HAMS: Hamstrings; QUADS: Quadriceps; VO2 peak: Maximal Oxygen Consumption.