Table 1: Demographics of imaging-depicted muscle injuries in the Rio 2016 Paralympic Games.
|
Demographics |
N (%) |
|
Gender (number of athletes) |
|
|
Male |
24* (73%) |
|
Female |
9** (27%) |
|
Impairment (number of injuries) |
|
|
Visual impairment |
17 (49%) |
|
Physical impairment, upper motor neuron injury |
5 (14%) |
|
Physical impairment, lower limb deficiency |
6 (17%) |
|
Physical impairment, upper limb deficiency |
3 (9%) |
|
Impaired muscle power, post polio myelitis |
4 (11%) |
|
Laterality (number of muscle injuries) |
|
|
Left |
14 (40%) |
|
Right |
21 (60%) |
|
Chronicity of muscle injury (number of muscle injuries) |
|
|
Acute |
27 (77%) |
|
Acute on chronic |
3 (9%) |
|
Chronic |
2 (6%) |
|
Unclassified (Delayed onset muscle soreness) |
3 (9%) |
|
Injury site (number of muscle injuries) |
|
|
Shoulder |
7 (20%) |
|
Hip |
3 (9%) |
|
Thigh |
21 (60%) |
|
Lower leg |
4 (11%) |
|
Location of injury within muscle (number of muscle injuries) |
|
|
Proximal third |
14 (40%) |
|
Middle third |
12 (34%) |
|
Distal third |
8 (23%) |
|
Diffuse |
1 (3%) |
|
BAMIC grade (number of muscle injuries) |
|
|
0a, 0b, 1a |
0 |
|
1b |
5 (14%) |
|
1c |
0 |
|
2a |
7 (20%) |
|
2b |
4 (11%) |
|
2c |
2 (6%) |
|
3a |
5 (14%) |
|
3b |
0 |
|
3c |
4 (11%) |
|
4 |
0 |
|
4c |
2 (6%) |
|
Unclassifiable |
6 (17%) |
|
Modified Peetrons grade (number of muscle injuries) |
|
|
1 |
15 (43%) |
|
2 |
12 (34%) |
|
3 |
2 (6%) |
|
Unclassifiable |
6 (17%) |
*One female athlete had two separate muscle (supraspinatus and deltoid) injuries. **One male athlete had bilateral deltoid muscle injuries.