Table 2: Outcome variables at baseline and after 8-weeks.
|
Control-group (n = 15) |
HICT-group (n = 15) |
p-values |
||||
|
Pre |
Post |
Pre |
Post |
Time |
Time X Group |
Group |
Weight (kg) |
89.3 ± 17.16 |
89.6± 17.03 |
89.8 ± 18.96 |
86.6 ± 18.41 |
p = 0.001 |
p = 0.001 |
p = 0.848 |
BMI (kg/m2) |
30.1 ± 5.55 |
30.2 ± 5.48 |
31.9 ± 4.90 |
30.8 ± 4.89 |
p = 0.001 |
p = 0.001 |
p = 0.547 |
BF% |
36.5 ± 11.87 |
37.6 ± 11.86 |
40.7 ± 9.10 |
39.1 ± 9.41 |
p = 0.234 |
p = 0.001 |
p = 0.468 |
BF-kg (kg) |
33.7 ±15.56 |
34.7 ± 15.63 |
36.6 ± 11.50 |
34.0 ± 11.40 |
p = 0.063 |
p = 0.001 |
p = 0.832 |
LBM% |
29.5 (30.10) |
28.2 (28.70) |
29.0 (25.00) |
30.4 (26.20) |
p = 0.969 |
- |
p = 0.808 |
LBM-kg (kg) |
26.0 (28.02) |
25.1 (26.96) |
26.6 (22.45) |
26.9 (22.96) |
p = 0.022 |
- |
p = 0.987 |
WC (cm) |
90.9 ± 11.31 |
91.3 ± 11.62 |
92.4 ± 10.88 |
89.9 ± 10.78 |
p = 0.005 |
p = 0.001 |
p = 0.990 |
Hip (cm) |
105.0 ± 10.22 |
105.5 ± 10.49 |
110.1 ± 9.22 |
108.7 ± 9.86 |
p = 0.164 |
p = 0.006 |
p = 0.260 |
WHR |
0.9 (0.91) |
0.9 (0.91) |
0.8 (0.85) |
0.8 (0.84) |
p = 0.010 |
- |
p = 0.218 |
SBP (mmHg) |
117.4 ±13.31 |
120.5 ± 10.60 |
120.0 ± 16.31 |
116.3 ± 15.22 |
p = 0.791 |
p = 0.002 |
p = 0.875 |
DBP (mmHg) |
82.1 ± 12.22 |
86.0 ± 9.54 |
82.3 ± 7.68 |
78.5 ± 7.43 |
p = 1.000 |
p = 0.001 |
P = 0.278 |
HR (bpm) |
75.1 ± 10.28 |
77.1 ± 9.20 |
79.7 ± 8.71 |
75.5 ± 6.78 |
p = 0.123 |
p = 0.001 |
p = 0.646 |
MAP (mmHg) |
93.7 ± 12.33 |
97.5 ± 9.58 |
96.2 ± 13.01 |
91.2 ± 8.95 |
p = 0.553 |
p = 0.001 |
p = 0.627 |
RPP (mmHg*bpm) |
8862.1 ± 1714.17 |
8546.4 ± 2659.19 |
9547.2 ± 1870.04 |
8833.9 ± 1733.50 |
p = 0.219 |
p = 0.631 |
p = 0.439 |
LDL (mg/dL) |
112.4 ± 20.29 |
115.8 ± 30.25 |
90.5 ± 21.03 |
86.5 ± 22.83 |
p = 0.931 |
p = 0.335 |
p = 0.003 |
HDL (mg/dL) |
48.7 ± 10.81 |
56.7 ± 37.44 |
48.2 ± 12.29 |
47.5 ± 10.88 |
p = 0.406 |
p = 0.327 |
p = 0.452 |
Triglycerides (mg/dL) |
123.8 (113.00) |
134.5 (112.00) |
109.7 (87.00) |
99.7 (84.00) |
p = 0.972 |
- |
p = 0.340 |
TC (mg/dL) |
185.9 ± 24.98 |
182.9 ± 48.13 |
160.6 ± 28.17 |
154.2 ± 21.90 |
p = 0.476 |
p = 0.791 |
p = 0.011 |
Glucose (mg/dL) |
93.8 ± 8.78 |
97.7 ± 9.23 |
92.3 ± 8.39 |
91.0 ± 6.23 |
p = 0.343 |
p = 0.057 |
p = 0.144 |
LHAMS (N) |
175.0 ± 29.43 |
173.6 ± 26.55 |
158.8 ± 22.26 |
163.4 ± 23.23 |
p = 0.073 |
p = 0.002 |
p = 0.164 |
RHAMS (N) |
171.4 ± 29.51 |
172.9 ± 30.35 |
160.8 ± 24.40 |
164.6 ± 24.34 |
V = 0.005 |
p = 0.201 |
p = 0.348 |
LQUADS (N) |
174.9 ± 25.91 |
175.4 ± 25.41 |
155.6 ± 25.25 |
160.3 ± 24.91 |
V = 0.001 |
p = 0.001 |
p = 0.073 |
RQUADS (N) |
183.3 ± 33.76 |
185.6 ± 33.43 |
158.5 ± 25.14 |
161.6 ± 24.29 |
p = 0.002 |
p = 0.599 |
p = 0.031 |
VO2peak (ml O2/kg/min) |
16.2 ± 2.34 |
16.5 ± 2.17 |
16.2 ± 2.40 |
18.8 ± 2.48 |
p = 0.001 |
p = 0.001 |
p = 0.051 |
Data are means ± SD for normally-distributed variables and median (interquartile range) for non-normally distributed variables; For non-normally distributed variables. Time effect was assessed with Kruskal-Wallis Test and Group effect with Wilcoxon Test for each group. Only the p-value for CT group is presented in the table. Data in bold for the p value indicate significant Group x Time interaction
Abbreviations: BMI: Body Mass Index, BF%: Percentage of Body Fat, BF-Kg: Body Fat in kilos, LBM%: Percentage of Lean Body Mass, LBM-Kg: Lean Body Mass in kilos, WC: Waist circumference, cm: centimetres, WHR: Waist to hip ratio, SBP: Systolic Blood Pressure, DBP: Diastolic Blood Pressure, HR: Heart Rate, MAP: Mean Arterial Pressure, RPP: Rate Pressure Product, bpm: beats per minute, mmHg: millimetres of Mercury, LDL: Low Density Lipoprotein, HDL: High Density Lipoprotein, TC: Total Cholesterol, mg/dL: Milligrams per decilitre, N: Newton, HAMS: Hamstrings, QUADS: Quadriceps, VO2peak: Maximal Oxygen Consumption.