Table 1: Factors associated with the incidence of Visceral Leishmaniasis (VL) and VL-HIV coinfection among census sectors in the city of Bauru, inner Brazil.

Factors

Univariate

0.89 (0.86-0.92)

IRR (95%CI)

P

IRR (95%CI)

P

Overall VL

Population density

0.95 (0.92-0.99)

0.006

0.94 (0.90-0.97)

< 0.001

Per capita income (BRL × 100)

0.90 (0.87-0.92)

< 0.001

0.89 (0.86-0.92)

< 0.001

Paving of streets (× 10%)

0.93 (0.90-0.96)

< 0.001

1.01 (0.92-1.10)

0.87

Sidewalks (× 10%)

0.92 (0.90-0.95)

< 0.001

0.99 (0.91-1.09)

0.91

Drains for rainfall (× 10%)

0.94 (0.90-0.98)

0.002

0.96 (0.92-1.00)

0.08

Trees (× 10%)

1.03 (0.92-1.10)

0.57

0.92 (0.80-1.05)

0.21

Sewage in the open (× 10%)

1.08 (0.93-1.27)

0.33

1.09 (0.91-1.31)

0.36

Garbage in the open (× 10%)

1.06 (1.02-1.12)

0.004

1.00 (0.95-1.06)

0.96

VL-HIV coinfection

Population density

0.97 (0.90-1.05)

0.48

0.94 (0.86-1.03)

0.18

Per capita income (BRL × 100)

0.85 (0.78-0.93)

< 0.001

0.80 (0.71-0.91)

< 0.001

Paving of streets (× 10%)

0.92 (0.85-0.98)

0.02

0.95 (0.90-1.19)

0.67

Sidewalks (× 10%)

0.92 (0.86-0.99)

0.03

1.09 (0.87-1.37)

0.44

Drains for rainfall (× 10%)

0.86 (0.77-0.95)

0.004

0.87 (0.78-0.98)

0.02

Trees (× 10%)

1.04 (0.81-1.32)

0.76

0.94 (0.73-1.19)

0.60

Sewage in the open (× 10%)

11.08 (0.66-1.78)

0.76

1.27 (0.76-2.13)

0.36

Garbage in the open (× 10%)

0.99 (0.87-1.13)

0.89

0.86 (0.74-1.01)

0.07

VL: Visceral Leishmaniasis; HIV: Human Immunodeficiency Virus; BRL: Brazilian Currency (real, approx imately US$ 0.25); IRR: Incidence Rate Ratio; CI: Confidence Interval