Table 1: Detection of mercury ions, Hg2+ using optical-based or electrochemical-based biosensor.
| Sensor type | Capturing agents | LOD (ppb) | Detection time | Practical for in-situ analysis | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Optical-based biosensor | AunPs with 3-mercaptopropionic acid and adenosine monophosphate | 100 | Several minutes | Yes | Yu and Tseng [93] |
| Papain-functionalized gold-nanoparticles (P-AuNPs) | 40 | Several minutes | Yes | Guo, et al. [95] | |
| Cysteine functionalized gold- nanoparticles (C-AunPs) | 20 | > 10 minutes | Yes | Chai, et al. [102] | |
| AuNPs modified with quaternary ammonium group-terminated thiols | 6 | Several minutes | No | Liu, et al. [99] | |
| Mercaptopropionic acid-homocysteine-PDCA-modified gold nanoparticles | 5 | 15 minutes | Yes | Darbha, et al. [103] | |
| Aggregation-induced quenching of the fluorescence of 11-mercaptoundecanoic acid (11-MUA) protected 20 nm AuNPs | 1 | 10 minutes | No | Huang, et al. [86] | |
| Electrochemical-based sensor | Heated carbon nanoparticles | 1 | 2 minutes | No | Aragay, et al. [78] |
| Protein-functionalized reduced graphene oxide (rGO) | 0.2 | Few seconds | No | Sudibya, et al. [104] | |
| Bimetallic Au-Pt nanoparticles/organic nanofibers with anodic stripping voltammetry | 0.08 | 100 seconds | No | Gong, et al. [105] | |
| AuNPs-graphene hybrid nanocomposite | 0.06 | 110 seconds | No | Gong, et al. [106] | |
| Gold nanoparticles/carbon nanotubes (Au-NPs/CNTs) composites with anodic stripping voltammetry | 0.06 | 2 minutes | No | Xu, et al. [107] | |
| Nanostructured magnesium silicate hollow spheres | 0.07 | Several minutes | No | Xu, et al. [108] | |
| Electrochemically reduced GO (ERGO)-based diode with N-[(1-pyrenyl-sulfonamido)-heptyl]-gluconamide (PG) as the modifier | 0.02 | Several minutes | No | Fang & Liu [109] | |
| Layered titanate nanosheets | 0.005 | 80 seconds | No | Yuan, et al. [110] |