Table 1: Simulation results for the population-averaged BMD when σu is 0.1 and 0.5

k

Method

σu = 0.1

σu = 0.5

Mean

Bias

RMSE

Coverage

Mean

Bias

RMSE

Coverage

 

 

 

3

GEE-ind

0.0849

0.0012

0.0102

0.8560

0.0834

0.0039

0.0195

0.8360

GEE-exc

0.0847

0.0010

0.0105

0.8540

0.0839

0.0044

0.0199

0.8290

GLMM-marg

0.0847

0.0010

0.0102

0.9990

0.0828

0.0033

0.0194

0.9700

GLMM-app

0.0849

0.0012

0.0102

0.9990

0.0835

0.0040

0.0195

0.9670

META

0.0831

-0.0006

0.0101

0.9540

0.0818

0.0023

0.0192

0.9610

 

 

 

9

GEE-ind

0.0842

0.0005

0.0060

0.9180

0.0819

0.0024

0.0114

0.8840

GEE-exc

0.0842

0.0005

0.0060

0.9100

0.0824

0.0029

0.0117

0.8840

GLMM-marg

0.0842

0.0005

0.0060

0.9940

0.0818

0.0023

0.0124

0.9050

GLMM-app

0.0842

0.0005

0.0060

0.9940

0.0820

0.0025

0.0114

0.8890

META

0.0816

-0.0021

0.0062

0.9720

0.0813

0.0018

0.0115

0.9510

 

 

 

15

GEE-ind

0.0840

0.0003

0.0045

0.9290

0.0812

0.0017

0.0088

0.9150

GEE-exc

0.0840

0.0003

0.0046

0.9300

0.0817

0.0022

0.0092

0.9090

GLMM-marg

0.0840

0.0003

0.0045

0.9850

0.0811

0.0016

0.0088

0.9150

GLMM-app

0.0840

0.0003

0.0045

0.9850

0.0814

0.0019

0.0088

0.9070

META

0.0811

-0.0026

0.0052

0.9810

0.0812

0.0017

0.0092

0.9360