Table 1: Overview of study design, results and contributions.

	Study I	Study II	Study III	Study IV
Design	Cross-sectional, digital platform	Two-wave RCT (face to face) intervention	Cross-sectional, digital platform	Three-wave RCT (digital) intervention
Theoretical foundation	SDT	SDT, MI, RPM CBT	SDT	SDT, RPM, TTM
Participants	1091 adult men (n = 286) and women (n = 805), aged 18-78 years (M = 45.0; SD = 11.7), all were active members of a web based Swedish exercise program.	64 Swedish undergraduate university students (women n = 49 and men n = 15) aged 19-49 years (M = 27.3; SD = 7.4).	Sample A: N = 1084, web-based exercise service members, mean age 45 (SD = 11.7). Sample B: N = 511 university students with a mean age of 22 years (SD = 3.3).	318 adult women (n = 279) and men (n = 40) aged 23-67 years (M = 46.7; SD = 9.4) participating in a digital step contest provided by their employer.
Measures	BPNES, BREQ-2, LTEQ	PNES, BREQ-2, LTEQ	BPNES, BREQ-2, LTEQ	BPNES, BREQ-2, LTEQ
Analyses	SEM, MVA	ANCOVA, MVA	LPA	ANCOVA, MVA
Results	Self-determined exercise motivation (identified regulation) mediated the relationship between basic psychological need satisfaction and exercise in the full sample. Moderationsof gender and age werealsofound.	Post-intervention effects showed increased levels of total and strenuous exercise, and this effect was mediated by self-determined motivation (identified regulation).	Six profiles were found in both samples. Some profiles were found in both samples whereas others were unique to each sample. More self-determined profiles demonstrated higher scores on need satisfaction and exercise.	The intervention increased levels of total, strenuous and light exercise and predicted mediators in terms of motivational quality. Moderations of gender and age were also found.
Limitations	Cross-sectional design, sample constitution (mainly women, high mean age) and self-reported exercise.	Small sample of convenience, self-reported exercise, exclusion of the relatedness need dimension and only having two measure points.	Cross-sectional design, sample constitution (mainly women, high mean age) and self-reported exercise.	High drop-out, sample constitution (mainly women, high mean age), self-reported exercise.
Contributions	Validation of Swedish translations of BPNES and BREQ-2 Employing a large sample of middle-aged adults in an e-health context Using SEM and advanced and modern recommended MVA Generating a full mediation model of steps 3-5 in the SDT process model along with moderating effects of gender and age, hence not only examining general relationships between variables but also when, for whom, and why they are associated.	Short-term exercise intervention Applying polytheoretical intervention tailoring Operating in a real-world setting Using advanced and modern recommended MVA	Support for the motivational soup, i.e., that motivation is a multidimensional construct and that people have different, sometimes competing, reasons for engaging in exercise. Using person-oriented analyses to examine within-person interactions of motivation and different regulations.	Short term exercise intervention in a digital context. Amotivation was involved in statistically significant main (time) effects, as well as in mediating the intervention effects. The intervention decreased controlled motivation (external regulation) and amotivation. Results of moderation analyses suggest that the stipulated mechanisms between exercise, motivation and psychological need satisfaction in this study hold for women, but not for men, and for older, but not for younger adults.