Table 3: Factors perceived by pharmacists (N = 11) to have contributed to AMR in private and public health institutions in Grenada, 2015.
| Private Institutions %; 95% CI (n) | Public Institutions %; 95% CI (n) | |||||
| Frequent | Occasional | Never | Frequent | Occasional | Never | |
| Patients failing to adhere to treatment (N = 11; 11) | 91.0; 57.1-99.5 (10) | 9.1; 0.5-42.9 (1) | 0.0; 0.0-0.0 | 81.9; 47.8-96.8 (9) | 9.1; 0.5-42.9 (1) | 9.1; 0.5-42.9 (1) |
| Patients demanding antibiotics (N = 10; 9) | 70.0; 35.4-91.9 (7) | 36.4; 12.4-68.4 (4) | 0.0; 0.0-0.0 | 22.2; 4.0-59.8 (2) | 66.7; 30.9-91.0 (6) | 11.1; 0.6-49.3 (1) |
| Prescribing antimicrobials when they are not needed (N = 11; 11) | 54.6; 24.6-81.9 (6) | 45.5; 18.1-75.4 (5) | 0.0; 0.0-0.0 | 45.5; 18.1-75.4 (5) | 54.6; 24.6-81.9 (6) | 0.0; 0.0-0.0 |
| Lack of proper patient advise about use of antibiotics (N = 11; 11) | 54.6; 24.6-81.9 (6) | 45.5; 18.1-75.4 (5) | 0.0; 0.0-0.0 | 72.7; 39.3-92.7 (8) | 18.2; 3.2-52.2 (2) | 9.1; 0.5-42.9 (1) |
| Limited use of laboratory services for diagnosis (12; 9) | 41.7; 16.5-71.4 (5) | 50.0; 22.3-77.7 (6) | 8.3; 0.4-40.2 (1) | 44.4; 15.3-77.3 (4) | 44.4; 15.3-77.3 (4) | 11.1; 0.6-49.3 (1) |
| Patients are not properly diagnosed (N = 12; 10) | 8.3; 0.4-40.2 (1) | 91.7; 60.0-99.6 (11) | 0.0; 0.0-0.0 | 30.0; 8.1-64.6 (3) | 70.0; 35.3-91.9 (7) | 0.0; 0.0-0.0 |
| Wrong medicine prescribed for patients (N = 11; 11) | 18.2; 3.2-52.2 (2) | 81.9; 47.8-96.8 (9) | 0.0; 0.0-0.0 | 18.2; 3.2-52.2 (2) | 72.7; 39.3-92.7 (8) | 9.1; 0.5-42.9 (1) |
| Antibiotic medicines are often not available (N = 10; 10) | 0.0; 0.0-0.0 | 80.0; 44.2-96.5 (8) | 20.0; 3.5-55.8 (2) | 30.0; 8.1-64.6 (3) | 50.0; 20.1-79.9 (5) | 20.0; 3.5-55.8 (2) |
| Antibiotics available are of questionable quality (N = 11; 10) | 9.1; 0.5-42.9 (1) | 54.5; 24.6-81.9 (6) | 36.4; 12.4-68.4 (4) | 20.0; 3.5-55.8 (2) | 50.0; 20.1-79.9 (5) | 30.0; 8.1-64.6 (3) |
| There is a shortage of non-antibiotic medicines (N = 11; 10) | 18.2; 3.2-52.2 (2) | 54.6; 24.6-81.9 (6) | 27.3; 7.3-60.7 (3) | 30; 8.1-64.6 (3) | 60.0; 27.4-86.3 (6) | 10.0; 0.5-45.9 (1) |
| Not prescribing antibiotics when they are needed (N = 11; 10) | 27.3; 7.3-60.7 (3) | 45.5; 16.5-71.4 (5) | 27.3; 7.3-60.7 (3) | 30.0; 8.1-64.6 (3) | 50.0; 20.1-79.9 (5) | 20.0; 3.5-55.8 (2) |