Decrease in GS

Increase in GS

n

82

373

Age, years

84 ± 9

79 ± 12

0.0003

Male, N (%)

45 (55)

194 (52)

0.6387

Prior MI, N (%)

18 (22)

58 (16)

0.1601

Prior heart failure, N (%)

60 (73)

245 (66)

0.1924

Poor ADL, N (%)

33 (40)

88 (24)

0.0019

NYHA functional class III or IV, N (%)

59 (72)

247 (66)

0.318

Hypertension, N (%)

50 (61)

246 (66)

0.3933

Diabetes mellitus, N (%)

14 (17)

75 (20)

0.5316

Dyslipidemia, N (%)

32 (39)

143 (38)

0.9081

Atrial Fibrillation, N (%)

44 (54)

183 (49)

0.4521

Hemoglobin, g/dl

10.9 ± 2.0

11.4 ± 2.0

0.037

White blood cell count, ^*102/μl

58.3 ± 22.1

62.6 ± 23.0

0.118

Lymphocyte count, /μl

1140 ± 473

1309 ± 590

0.018

Total protein, g/dl

6.3 ± 0.6

6.5 ± 0.7

0.093

Serum albumin, g/dl

3.2 ± 0.5

3.4 ± 0.5

0.005

Creatinine, mg/dl

1.44 ± 0.84

1.41 ± 1.09

0.818

eGFR, ml/min/1.73 m²

42.4 ± 23.8

45.4 ± 21.9

0.277

Total cholesterol, mg/dl

146 ± 34

158 ± 40

0.009

NT-proBNP, pg/ml

3596 (2014, 9912)

2566 (991, 5752)

0.002

CONUT score

5.09 ± 2.42

4.18 ± 2.45

0.003

Hand grip strength, kg

16.9 ± 7.0

18.9 ± 8.4

0.053

Gait speed, m/sec

0.62 ± 0.25

0.57 ± 0.24

0.087

Systolic BP, mmHg

127 ± 25

150 ± 36

0.032

Diastolic BP, mmHg

75 ± 23

87 ± 23

0.104

Pulse, bpm

85 ± 22

94 ± 26

0.277

Echocardiography

LVEF, %

50.1 ± 17.4

52.9 ± 17.2

0.189

E/A ratio

1.22 ± 0.88

1.48 ± 1.10

0.138

E/e'

16.6 ± 7.0

15.5 ± 7.0

0.208

e', cm/sec

5.5 ± 2.4

6.1 ± 2.1

0.020

TAPSE, mm

15.5 ± 4.4

16.7 ± 4.5

0.0300