Table 4: Factors Associated with Mortality among Elderly Patients with Community-Acquired Pneumonia.
Factors |
Geriatric Cases with CAP |
||||
|
Survived (n = 122) |
Died (n = 37) |
Binary Logistic Regression Analysis |
||
Without Sequalae n = 114 (%) |
With Sequalae n = 8 (%) |
|
RR |
P-value |
|
Demographic Factors |
|
|
|
|
|
Age Groups |
|
|
|
|
|
60-64 year |
28 (24.56%) |
1 (12.5%) |
8 (21.62%) |
1.40 (0.31-6.23) |
0.660 |
65-74 year |
40 (35.09%) |
2 (25%) |
16 (43.24%) |
1.60 (0.39-6.52) |
0.509 |
75-84 year |
28 (24.56%) |
5 (62.5%) |
10 (27.03%) |
1.59 (0.37-6.76) |
0.529 |
≥ 85 year |
18 (15.79%) |
0 (0%) |
3 (8.11%) |
0a |
|
Gender |
|
|
|
|
|
Male |
49 (42.98%) |
1 (12.5%) |
21 (56.76%) |
1.09 (0.39-2.69) |
0.968 |
Female |
65 (57.02%) |
7 (87.5%) |
16 (43.24%) |
0a |
|
Smoking |
40 (35.09%) |
3 (37.5%) |
19 (51.35%) |
0.63 (0.18-2.24) |
0.480 |
Alcoholic |
27 (23.68%) |
2 (25%) |
19 (51.35%) |
4.57 (1.19-17.49) |
0.027 |
Comorbidities |
|
|
|
|
|
COPD |
20 (17.54%) |
2 (25%) |
3 (8.11%) |
0.35 (0.09-1.38) |
0.133 |
Heart Failure |
17 (14.91%) |
1 (12.5%) |
10 (27.03%) |
2.09 (0.80-5.51) |
0.135 |
Stroke |
12 (10.53%) |
(0%) |
5 (13.51%) |
0.98 (2.89-3.35) |
0.979 |
Diabetes |
32 (28.07%) |
1 (12.5%) |
7 (18.92%) |
0.57 (0.21-1.52) |
0.260 |
Liver Disease |
2 (1.75%) |
1 (12.5%) |
3 (8.11%) |
2.99 (0.39-22.87) |
0.291 |
Renal Disease |
14 (12.28%) |
2 (25%) |
13 (35.14%) |
3.16 (1.25-7.98) |
0.015 |
Malignancy |
8 (7.02%) |
3 (37.5%) |
2 (5.41%) |
0.90 (0.17-4.79) |
0.901 |
Vital Signs |
|
|
|
|
|
HR ≥ 30/min |
4 (3.51%) |
3 (37.5%) |
6 (16.22%) |
1.04 (0.24-4.55) |
0.959 |
PR ≥ 125 |
4 (3.51%) |
0 (0%) |
3 (8.11%) |
1.82 (0.31-10.66) |
0.508 |
Temp ≤ 36 or ≥ 40 °C |
3 (2.63%) |
0 (0%) |
0 (0%) |
5.40 × 10-07 |
0.999 |
SBP < 90 mmHg |
4 (3.51%) |
1 (12.5%) |
10 (27.03%) |
1.42 × 10+07 |
0.999 |
DBP ≤ 60 mmHg |
7 (6.14%) |
1 (12.5%) |
10 (27.03%) |
3.70 × 10-07 |
0.999 |
O2 Saturation < 90% |
19 (16.67%) |
4 (50%) |
18 (48.65%) |
2.68 (1.10-6.55) |
0.031 |
Signs |
|
|
|
|
|
Decrease in sensorium |
3 (2.63%) |
2 (25%) |
7 (18.92%) |
5.53 (1.35-22.61) |
0.017 |
Hypotension |
3 (2.63%) |
1 (12.5%) |
9 (24.32%) |
7.05 (1.75-28.42) |
0.006 |
Crackles |
87 (76.32%) |
7 (87.5%) |
30 (81.08%) |
1.87 (0.61-5.68) |
0.271 |
Retractions |
8 (7.02%) |
0 (0%) |
8 (21.62%) |
3.59 (1.04-12.39) |
0.043 |
Decrease in Breath Sounds |
15 (13.16%) |
2 (25%) |
9 (24.32%) |
4.27 (1.39-13.12) |
0.011 |
Others Signs |
47 (41.23%) |
4 (50%) |
17 (45.95%) |
1.56 (0.66-3.67) |
0.307 |
Symptoms |
|
|
|
|
|
Cough |
83 (72.81%) |
7 (87.5%) |
21 (56.76%) |
0.48 (0.21-1.11) |
0.085 |
Loss of Appetite |
20 (17.54%) |
3 (37.5%) |
11 (29.73%) |
1.52 (0.61-3.78) |
0.368 |
Body Weakness |
25 (21.93%) |
3 (37.5%) |
14 (37.84%) |
2.18 (0.88-5.38) |
0.093 |
Difficulty of Breathing |
68 (59.65%) |
5 (62.5%) |
23 (62.16%) |
1.88 (0.77-4.59) |
0.166 |
Fever |
39 (34.21%) |
3 (37.5%) |
11 (29.73%) |
0.99 (0.43-2.30) |
0.983 |
Other Symptoms |
52 (45.61%) |
3 (37.5%) |
21 (56.76%) |
1.39 (0.06-3.15) |
0.006 |
CXR Findings on Admission |
|
|
|
|
|
Infiltrate |
84 (73.68%) |
7 (87.5%) |
30 (81.08%) |
1.70 (0.58-4.99) |
0.336 |
Consolidation |
7 (6.14%) |
1 (12.5%) |
3 (8.11%) |
1.90 (0.38-9.40) |
0.433 |
Pleural effusion |
12 (10.53%) |
2 (25%) |
3 (8.11%) |
0.75 (0.20-2.82) |
0.665 |
Blood Culture |
|
|
|
|
|
No Growth In 2 Specimen |
21 (18.4%) |
0 (0%) |
1 (2.7%) |
0.17 (0.03-1.20) |
0.076 |
Escherichia coli |
3 (2.6%) |
0 (0%) |
7 (18.9%) |
3.48 (2.07-5.83) |
0.000 |
Sputum Culture |
|
|
|
|
|
Streptococcus parasanguinis |
14 (12.3%) |
1 (12.5%) |
2 (5.4%) |
0.48 (0.13-1.81) |
0.277 |
Klebsiella pneumoniae, ESBL negative |
8 (7%) |
0 (0%) |
4 (10.8%) |
1.48 (0.63-3.49) |
0.365 |
No Growth |
6 (5.3%) |
1 (12.5%) |
0 (0%) |
0.26 (0.02-3.79) |
0.321 |
Pantoea agglomerans |
3 (2.6%) |
1 (12.5%) |
2 (5.4%) |
1.46 (0.45-4.69) |
0.528 |
Sphingomonas paucimobilis |
4 (3.5%) |
0 (0%) |
2 (5.4%) |
1.46 (0.45-4.69) |
0.528 |
Acitenobacter baumannii |
5 (4.4%) |
0 (0%) |
1 (2.7%) |
0.71 (0.12-4.34) |
0.709 |
Enterobacter cloacae |
4 (3.5%) |
0 (0%) |
1 (2.7%) |
0.86 (0.14-5.05) |
0.863 |
Mixed Pathogen |
|
|
|
|
|
Bacteria + Bacteria |
4 (3.5%) |
0 (0%) |
4 (10.8%) |
2.29 (1.07-4.87) |
0.032 |
Pneumonia Classification |
|
|
|
|
|
Moderate Risk |
109 (95.61%) |
6 (75%) |
12 (32.43%) |
0a |
|
High Risk |
5 (4.39%) |
2 (25%) |
25 (67.57%) |
34.23 (12.25-95.64) |
0.000 |
p-value < 0.5-significant
ESBL (Extended spectrum beta-lactamase)