Table 1: Anthropometric measurements and clinical data in pre- and post-treatment in all groups.
|
Variables |
AT |
MF |
CT |
|||
|
Age (years) |
68.5 ± 5.8* |
66.5 ± 4.3** |
66.3 ± 5.0 |
|||
|
Marital status |
||||||
|
Single |
10 (6.8%) |
12 (12.1%) |
8 (7.9%) |
|||
|
Married |
56 (38.3%) |
32 (32.3%) |
48 (48.5%) |
|||
|
Widowed |
60 (41%) |
33(33.3%) |
32 (31.6%) |
|||
|
Divorced |
20 (13.6%) |
22(22.2%) |
12 (11.8%) |
|||
|
Total |
146 (100%) |
99 (100%) |
100 (100%) |
|||
|
Education level |
||||||
|
|
3 (2%) |
0 (0%) |
2 (1.9%) |
|||
|
Middle School |
73 (50%) |
26 (26.2%) |
51 (50.4%) |
|||
|
High School |
51 (34.9%) |
46 (46.4%) |
32 (32.6%) |
|||
|
College |
19 (13%) |
27 (27.2%) |
15 (14.8%) |
|||
|
Total |
146(100%) |
99 (100%) |
100 (100%) |
|||
|
IPAQ-International Physical Activity Questionnaire |
||||||
|
Active |
34 (23.2%) |
17 (17.1%) |
0 (0%) |
|||
|
Irregularly Active |
112 (76.7%) |
82 (82.8%) |
0 (0%) |
|||
|
Sedentary |
0 (0%) |
0 (0%) |
100 (100%) |
|||
|
Intervention |
AT pre |
AT pos |
MF pre |
MF pos |
CT pre |
CT pos |
|
Serum calcium (mg/dL) |
9.7 ± 0.5 |
9.7 ± 0.4 |
9.8 ± 0.4 |
9.9 ± 0.6 |
9.8 ± 0.5 |
9.9 ± 0.6 |
|
PTH (pg/ml) |
50.16 ± 17.53 |
47.09 ± 18.26 |
42.49 ± 14.15 |
39.44 ± 11.97 |
49.12 ± 22.30 |
38.66 ± 14.87 |
|
Alkaline phosphatase (U/L) |
80.6 ± 23.7 |
69.8 ± 20.0 |
77.7 ± 25.5 |
62.2 ± 20.0 |
88.0 ± 24.0 |
72.9 ± 20.2 |
|
Creatinine (mg/dL) |
0.8 ± 0.2 |
0.8 ± 0.2 |
0.8 ± 0.2 |
0.8 ± 0.1 |
0.8 ± 0.2 |
0.8 ± 0.1 |
|
Creatinine clearance |
74 ± 24 |
74 ± 25 |
76 ± 28 |
77 ± 28 |
78 ± 27 |
78 ± 27 |
|
BMI (kg/m2) |
29.1 ± 4.4 |
28.9 ± 4.5 |
27.3 ± 4.2 |
27.2 ± 4.2 |
28.9 ± 4.9 |
28.9 ± 5.5 |
|
Dexa- Bone Densitometry – Body Composition |
||||||
|
%Fat |
28.4 ± 7.0 |
29.4 ± 7.3 |
26.2 ± 7.1 |
26.8 ± 7.2 |
28.9 ± 8.1 |
29.3 ± 8.1 |
|
Estimated lean mass |
41.3 ± 5.7 |
40.7 ± 6.0 |
40.8 ± 6.2 |
40.4 ± 6.1 |
42.1 ± 6.4 |
41.4 ± 6.4 |
Age - *AT group vs. MF p = 0.005. **AT group vs. CT p = 0.003. AT: Aquatic Training; MF: Multifunctional Gymnastics; CT: Control Group. Creatinine Clearance: Cockroft-Gault = 140-age (years) × weight (kg); serum creatinine (mg; dL) × 72; [15].