Table
1: Clinical
characteristics of non-obese and obese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
on blood pressure measured at basal and end-point, respectively.
Variable |
Obese patients |
Non-Obese patients |
P value |
|||
Basal |
End-point |
Basal |
End-point |
Basal |
End-point |
|
(n = 153) |
(n = 116) |
(n = 247) |
(n = 284) |
|||
Age (years) |
64 ± 10 |
71 ± 10** |
65 ± 9 |
73 ± 10** |
0.306 |
0.07 |
Gender (Male/Female) |
78/75 |
63/53
|
135/112 |
150/134 |
1.000 |
1.000 |
(51)/(49) |
(54)/(46) |
(55)/(45) |
(53)/(47) |
1.000 |
1.000 |
|
Diabetes duration (years) |
14 ± 11 |
22 ± 8** |
15 ± 11 |
23 ± 12** |
0.377 |
0.41 |
BMI (kg/m2) |
27 ± 3 |
28 ± 3 |
22 ± 3 |
22 ± 2 |
< 0.001 |
< 0.001 |
25-39 |
25-39 |
15-24 |
15-24.9 |
|||
Blood pressure (mmHg) |
||||||
Clinic systolic pressure |
147 ± 27 |
134 ± 19** |
142 ± 24 |
129 ± 14** |
0.054 |
0.001 |
Clinic diastolic pressure |
86 ± 16 |
75 ± 15** |
84 ± 15 |
73 ±18** |
0.208 |
0.200 |
Morning systolic pressure |
146 ± 22 |
131 ± 18** |
139 ± 23 |
125 ± 84** |
0.002 |
0.254 |
Morning diastolic pressure |
83 ± 12 |
73 ± 13** |
79 ± 12 |
70 ± 13** |
0.001 |
0.037 |
Laboratory variables |
||||||
HbA1c(NGSP) (%) |
7.2 ± 1.1 |
7.3 ± 1.1 |
7.0 ± 1.0 |
7.0 ± 1.1 |
0.062 |
0.014 |
Triglycerides (mg/dl) |
168 ± 143 |
148 ± 11 |
139 ± 87 |
116 ± 79** |
0.025 |
0.001 |
Total cholesterol (mg/dl) |
200± 29 |
189 ± 34 |
197± 34 |
185 ± 34** |
0.348 |
0.289 |
LDL-cholesterol (mg/dl) |
112 ± 27 |
108 ± 25 |
109 ± 31 |
102 ± 25** |
0.324 |
0.03 |
HDL-cholesterol (mg/dl) |
58 ± 20 |
53 ± 13 |
61 ± 18 |
59 ± 13 |
0.922 |
0.001 |
Serum creatinine (mg/dl) |
0.8 ± 0.3 |
0.9 ± 0.5 |
0.8 ± 0.3 |
0.9 ± 0.5 |
1.000 |
1.000 |
UAER (mg/g creatinine) |
243 ± 808 |
270 ± 795 |
100 ± 299 |
135 ± 795 |
0.037 |
0.124 |
Medical events |
||||||
Microvascular
complications |
105 (67) |
105 (91)* |
137 (55) |
137 (48)* |
1.000 |
1.000 |
Retinopathy |
66 (43) |
47 (41) |
82 (29) |
92 (32) |
1.000 |
1.000 |
Nor/simp/pre/pro |
87/39/7/20 |
69/23/4/20 |
177/42/7/21 |
192/51/8/33 |
||
Nephropathy |
70 (46) |
46 (40)* |
103 (42) |
46 (16)** |
1.000 |
1.000 |
Nor/simp/mac/dial |
76/57/20/0 |
70/32/11/3 |
144/89/14/0 |
175/92/16/1 |
||
Neuropathy |
16 (10) |
12 (10) |
19 (8) |
20 (7) |
1.000 |
1.000 |
Macrovascular
complications |
39 (25) |
19 (16)** |
57 (23) |
31 (11)** |
1.000 |
1.000 |
Medical treatment |
||||||
Therapy for hypertension |
87 (57) |
76 (66) |
107 (43) |
175 (63)** |
1.000 |
1.000 |
Therapy of medicines for diabetes
mellitus |
129 (84) |
108 (91)* |
203 (82) |
262 (93)* |
1.000 |
1.000 |
Non-insulin/insulin |
101/65 |
90/69 |
147/96 |
220/134 |
||
(66)/(42) |
(78)/(59)* |
(60)/(39) |
(77)/(47)* |
1.000 |
1.000 |
|
Therapy for dyslipidemia |
64 (42) |
45 (39) |
66 (27) |
86 (30) |
1.000 |
1.000 |
Therapy for hypercoagulation |
41 (27) |
29 (25) |
48 (19) |
57 (20) |
1.000 |
1.000 |
Therapies for others |
49 (32) |
25 (22) |
69 (28) |
80 (28) |
1.000 |
1.000 |
Clinical characteristics of non-obese
and obese patients with type 2 diabetes
mellitus on blood pressure measured at basal and end-points were shown, respectively. The non-obesity and obesity were
defined by the criteria of Japan Society for the Study of Obesity. Body mass
Index with < 25.0 kg/m2 was defined as non-obesity, whereas BMI
with ≧ 25.0 kg/m2 was defined as
obesity. Blood pressure using clinic method (CBP) and home method (HBP) measured once in each clinic visit and
in the same morning at each clinic visit within 10 minutes after awakening in
the sitting position were measured at basal and end-point,
respectively, as shown as the same threshold of normotension
with of less than 130 mmHg measurements in morning HBP and CBP. Number in
parenthesis represents the percent ratio of each variable to patients
participated in each group. Differences in the mean of each variable between
non-obese and obese patients at basal and end-point were statistically evaluated
by unpaired Student t test with or without Welch's correction.* and ** showed
the values of P < 0.05 and P < 0.01 of each variable in groups of basal
vs. end-point, respectively. P value (Basal and Endpoint) showed the
statistical difference in each variable in patients with non-obesity and
obesity at basal and end-point, respectively. Two tailed values of P < 0.05 were
defined as statistically significant.
Abbreviation: BMI:
Body mass index, HDL: High density
lipoprotein, LDL: Low density lipoprotein, NGSP: National glycohemoglobin standardization program, UAER:
Urinary albumin excretion rate, Nor-normal retinopathy or normal albuminuria, simp-simple retinopathy or simple albuminuria, pre-preproliferative retinopathy, pro-proliferative
retinopathy, mac-macro albuminuria, dia-dialysis.