Table
3:
Risk factors for each outcome of events using morning
hypertension at end-point in 116 obese
patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Variable events |
Death event |
Microvascular event |
Macrovascular event |
|||
|
Hazard ratio |
P |
Hazard ratio |
P |
Hazard ratio |
P |
Age (years) |
1.08 |
0.0294 |
1.04 |
0.0569 |
1.19 |
0.1988 |
Gender (Male/Female) |
0.71 |
0.4607 |
0.59 |
0.1381 |
0.27 |
0.0520 |
Diabetes duration (years) |
1.00 |
0.3546 |
1.00 |
0.1715 |
1.00 |
0.9016 |
Laboratory variables |
|
|||||
HbA1c (NGSP) (%) |
0.83 |
0.3721 |
1.00 |
0.9501 |
0.70 |
0.2561 |
Triglycerides (mg/dl) |
1.00 |
0.4746 |
1.00 |
0.8221 |
1.00 |
0.9713 |
Total cholesterol (mg/dl) |
1.00 |
0.4048 |
1.00 |
0.1825 |
1.01 |
0.2909 |
LDL-cholesterol (mg/dl) |
1.00 |
0.0864 |
1.00 |
0.0617 |
1.03 |
0.0844 |
HDL-cholesterol (mg/dl) |
1.00 |
1.00 |
1.00 |
0.6874 |
0.97 |
0.3555 |
Serum creatinine (mg/dl) |
0.92 |
0.8610 |
0.8610 |
0.0510 |
1.01 |
0.9949 |
UAER (mg/g creatinine) |
1.00 |
0.0378 |
0.0378 |
0.0761 |
1.00 |
0.6406 |
Microvascular
complications |
1.55 |
0.3804 |
1.00 |
0.9980 |
|
|
Macrovascular
complications |
5.37 |
0.0039 |
8.19 |
< 0.0001 |
|
|
Medical treatment |
|
|||||
Therapy for hypertension |
0.16 |
0.0014 |
0.37 |
0.0133 |
0.22 |
0.0938 |
Therapy for diabetes mellitus |
|
|||||
Non-insulin |
2.75 |
0.3366 |
1.06 |
0.9140 |
9.44 |
0.1050 |
Insulin |
0.82 |
0.8179 |
0.44 |
0.2787 |
8.52 |
0.1660 |
Therapy for dyslipidemia |
1.19 |
0.7549 |
2.17 |
0.0372 |
0.42 |
0.3145 |
Therapy for hypercoagulation |
2.79 |
0.0456 |
1.50 |
0.3294 |
36.8 |
< 0.0001 |
Therapy for other disease |
0.56 |
0.3704 |
0.95 |
0.8999 |
2.46 |
0.2306 |
Each event
was determined in obese patients with morning hypertension on the basis of home
blood pressure (HBP) measured at end-point, as shown in the Table 1, which was
determined by the log-rank test. The characteristics of participants related to
each outcome at end-point and additional therapy, which is added to basal
therapy at each end-point, were confounding factors. Blood pressure was
excluded as a risk factor for each event in patients with morning hypertension
using HBP. The same threshold of normotension with
less than 130 mmHg of systolic blood pressure of HBP and clinic blood pressure
at end-point in the text was used. The end-point was determined by the
censoring date. Associated risk factors among the confounding factors were
assessed using Cox proportional hazard analysis. Two-tailed values of P <
0.05 were defined as statistically significant.
Abbreviation: HDL: High density lipoprotein, LDL:
Low density lipoprotein, NGSP: National glycohemoglobin standardization program,
UAER: Urinary albumin excretion rate.