Table 1: Adverse pathophysiological effects of a wrong lifestyle.
| Heavy alcohol intake | Liver, pancreas and cardiovascular damage |
|---|---|
| High salt intake |
Increased circulating volume Increased left ventricular mass Raised intima-media thickness Elevated plasma endothelin-1 Reduced flow-mediated dilation |
| Cigarette smoke |
Impaired vasodilatory function Reduced endothelium-dependent vasodilatation Reduced nitric oxide availability Excessive sympathetic stimulation Increased platelet aggregation |
| Reduced physical activity |
Altered cardiovascular reactivity Increased arterial stiffness Impaired vasoconstrictor-vasodilator balance |
| Wrong diet |
Overweight and obesity Reduced antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties Reduced nitric oxide synthesis Inadequate vitamin and mineral intake |