Table 3: CMV seroprevalence by type of tobacco smoke exposure among children 3-5 years.
|
Type of Tobacco smoke exposure |
Weighted % CMV (95% CI) |
P Value |
|
Mother Smoked during Pregnancy? |
|
|
|
Yes |
27.3 (15.9-42.8) |
|
|
No |
32.2 (26.6-38.3) |
0.510 |
|
Secondhand Smoke (SHS) by Self report |
|
|
|
No Exposure |
34.3 (28.1-41.0) |
|
|
Yes (Any Exposure) |
24.8 (17.1-34.4) |
0.043
|
|
Exposure By Number of Smokers in the Home |
|
|
|
0 |
34.3 (28.1-41.0) |
|
|
1 |
30.0 (21.9-39.7) |
|
|
2 |
18.1 (9.6-31.5) |
0.073
|
|
Cotinine Levels (ng/mL) |
|
|
|
< 0.05 |
37.4 (29.5-46.1) |
|
|
>= 0.05 |
25.3 (20.1-31.4) |
0.015
|
|
Serum Cotinine Quartiles |
|
|
|
1st Quartile (< 0.017) |
32.5 (22.3-44.7) |
|
|
2nd Quartile (0.017-0.066) |
41.9 (29.3-55.7) |
|
|
3rd Quartile (0.067-0.436) |
32.2 (23.542.3) |
|
|
4th Quartile (0.437+) |
17.8 (10.1-29.5) |
0.05 |
There was no association between maternal smoking during pregnancy and CMV seroprevalence. When history of SHS was categorized into No exposure vs any exposure, CMV seroprevalence was higher in the children with SHS exposure than in their unexposed counterparts (P = 0.043). When SHS was categorized into 3 groups, there was a downward trend in CMV seroprevalence by the number of smokers at home. CMV seroprevalence increased from 32.5% in the 1st cotinine quartile to ~42% in the 2nd quartile and then abruptly dropped from 32% in the 3rd quartile to 18% in the 4th quartile (Rao-Scott P of Trend < 0.05)