Zoonotic bacterial disease surveillance in the united states.

Table 5: Zoonotic bacterial disease surveillance in the united states.

Disease	Surveillance
Anaplasmosis	Anaplasmosis is a tick-borne disease recognized in humans in mid-1990s. The number of cases has increased steadily over the years from 348 cases in 2000 to 1,006 cases in 2008. It has been most frequently reported from the upper Midwest and Northeast, including six other states (New York, Connecticut, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Minnesota, and Wisconsin), which accounts for 88% of all reported cases.
Anthrax	Cutaneous anthrax has been the most common type reported in USA. Before the US bioterrorism attack, inhalation anthrax was last reported in 1976. Recently, cutaneous anthrax has occurred in 2000. Anthrax in livestock does occur infrequently in USA but occurs most commonly in agricultural regions including Africa, Asia, the Caribbean, Central and South America, southern and eastern Europe, and Middle East [66].
Botulism	Foodborne botulism has been accounted for 8%, infant botulism has been 76%, wound botulism has been 15% and botulism of unknown etiology has been reported less than 1%. As of 2012, foodborne intoxication was reported from five states in which toxin type A and B were the highest ones reported. Wound and infant botulism have mostly seen as occurring in California although Pennsylvania also has a high amount of infant botulism attack.
Brucellosis	Reports by CDC in 2010, indicates that Brucellosis has been highly reported in California and Texas. The current status shows that most of US is either at or approaching disease elimination. As of July 10, 2009, all 50 States were class free for the disease.
Ehrlichiosis	Ehrlichiosis was recognized in USA in the late 1980’s but was not reported until 1999. E. Chaffeensis is the most common type that has increased from 200 cases in 2000 to 961 cases in 2008. It later went on to be decreased in 2010 and the annual case fatality rate has declined.
Escherichia coli (E.coli)	Shiga toxin E.coli (STEC) has been reported as being the largest cause of illness each year in USA. Approximately, 265,000 illnesses each year have been reported, with more than 3,600 hospitalizations and 30 deaths. An estimated 96,534 STEC O157 and 168,698 non-O157 infections occur each year. There have been many STEC outbreaks reported such as from brand A cookie dough and Maple Leaf foods, causing E.coli to be the most common foodborne disease.
Leptospirosis	As of January 2013, leptospirosis has been reinstated as a nationally notifiable disease.
Listeriosis	Listeria monocytogenes causes nearly 1,600 illnesses each year in US; more than 1,400 hospitalizations and 250 related deaths. This can even affect newborn infants if their mother ate contaminated food during pregnancy. The proportions of all cases reported continue to increase. There have been many multistate outbreak that are linked to commercially produced pre-packages such as Caramel Apples, Wholesome Soy Products, Oasis Brands and Roos Foods Dairy Products.
Lyme Disease	Lyme disease has been a national condition in US since 1991. Since 2009 and 2013, the cases that have been reported have increased from 144 cases to 682 cases [67]. Each year, CDC reports approximately 30,000 cases however; this does not reflect every case of Lyme disease. The CDC estimates that 300,000 people are diagnosed each year [68].