Host-related predictors of persistence of hepatitis C virus infection in the Egyptian population obtained by univariate analysis.

Table 2: Host-related predictors of persistence of hepatitis C virus infection in the Egyptian population obtained by univariate analysis.

Host risk factor		Spontaneous cure n = 257		Persistent infection n = 802		Crude OR	95% CI	p-value
Host risk factor		No	%	No	%	Crude OR	95% CI	p-value
Gender	Female®	157	27.7	410	72.3	1.50	(1.13-2.00)	0.01
Gender	Male	100	20.3	392	79.7	1.50	(1.13-2.00)	0.01
Age	<45®	77	31.0	171	69.0	1.58	(1.15-2.16)	0.00
Age	45+	180	22.2	631	77.8	1.58	(1.15-2.16)	0.00
Residence	Urban®	55	24.8	167	75.2	1.04	(0.73-1.46)	0.84
Residence	Rural	202	24.3	635	75.7	1.04	(0.73-1.46)	0.84
Education	Illiterate/able to read and write	133	17.9	610	82.1	3.26	(2.00-5.33)	0.00
	Basic	24	23.1	80	76.9	2.37	(1.25-4.51)	0.01
	Secondary	68	31.6	147	68.4	1.54	(0.90-2.63)	0.12
	University degree or higher®	32	41.6	45	58.4	-	-	-
Marital status	Never married®	4	28.6	10	71.4	1.25	(0.39-4.03)	0.71
Marital status	Ever married	253	24.2	792	75.8	1.25	(0.39-4.03)	0.71
Risk of occupation	No®	233	26.6	642	73.4	2.42	(1.54-3.81)	0.00
Risk of occupation	Yes	24	13.0	160	87.0	2.42	(1.54-3.81)	0.00
Experience working abroad	No®	204	23.8	652	76.2	0.89	(0.62-1.26)	0.50
Experience working abroad	Yes	53	26.1	150	73.9	0.89	(0.62-1.26)	0.50
Tattooing	No®	245	24.6	751	75.4	1.39	(0.73-2.64)	0.32
Tattooing	Yes	12	19.0	51	81.0	1.39	(0.73-2.64)	0.32
Ear/body piercing	No®	161	25.5	471	74.5	1.18	(0.88-1.57)	0.27
Ear/body piercing	Yes	96	22.5	331	77.5	1.18	(0.88-1.57)	0.27
Sharing sharp instruments	No®	59	22.3	205	77.7	0.87	(0.62-1.21)	0.40
Sharing sharp instruments	Yes	198	24.9	597	75.1	0.87	(0.62-1.21)	0.40
Using barber tools	No®	102	23.0	341	77.0	0.89	(0.67-1.18)	0.42
Using barber tools	Yes	155	25.2	461	74.8	0.89	(0.67-1.18)	0.42
Pierced with blood-contaminated tool	No®	238	24.5	732	75.5	1.20	(0.71-2.03)	0.50
Pierced with blood-contaminated tool	Yes	19	21.3	70	78.7	1.20	(0.71-2.03)	0.50
Being bitten by an animal	No®	205	24.1	646	75.9	0.95	(0.67-1.35)	0.78
Being bitten by an animal	Yes	52	25.0	156	75.0	0.95	(0.67-1.35)	0.78
Exposed to blood	No®	197	24.1	622	75.9	0.95	(0.68-1.33)	0.76
Exposed to blood	Yes	60	25.0	180	75.0	0.95	(0.68-1.33)	0.76
Blood/blood product transfusion	No®	221	24.7	675	75.3	1.16	(0.77-1.72)	0.48
Blood/blood product transfusion	Yes	36	22.1	127	77.9	1.16	(0.77-1.72)	0.48
Invasive procedure	No®	174	23.5	565	76.5	0.88	(0.65-1.19)	0.40
Invasive procedure	Yes	83	25.9	237	74.1	0.88	(0.65-1.19)	0.40
Acupuncture	No®	245	23.5	797	76.5	0.13	(0.04-0.37)	0.00
Acupuncture	Yes	12	70.6	5	29.4	0.13	(0.04-0.37)	0.00
History of jaundice	No®	236	24.4	732	75.6	1.07	(0.65-1.80)	0.78
History of jaundice	Yes	21	23.1	70	76.9	1.07	(0.65-1.80)	0.78
Circumcision	No®	44	41.1	63	58.9	2.42	(1.60-3.67)	0.00
Circumcision	Yes	213	22.4	739	77.6	2.42	(1.60-3.67)	0.00
Blood sampling	No®	25	20.5	97	79.5	0.78	(0.49-1.25)	0.30
Blood sampling	Yes	232	24.8	705	75.2	0.78	(0.49-1.25)	0.30
Frequent dentist visits	No®	118	29.0	289	71.0	1.51	(1.13-2.00)	0.00
Frequent dentist visits	Yes	139	21.3	513	78.7	1.51	(1.13-2.00)	0.00
Previous hospitalization	No®	128	23.5	417	76.5	0.92	(0.69-1.21)	0.54
Previous hospitalization	Yes	129	25.1	385	74.9	0.92	(0.69-1.21)	0.54
Delivery at home	No®	150	22.6	515	77.4	0.78	(0.59-1.04)	0.09
Delivery at home	Yes	107	27.2	287	72.8	0.78	(0.59-1.04)	0.09
Schistosomiasis	No®	123	28.2	313	71.8	1.43	(1.08-1.90)	0.01
Schistosomiasis	Yes	134	21.5	489	78.5	1.43	(1.08-1.90)	0.01
PAT	No®	153	27.2	410	72.8	1.41	(1.06-1.87)	0.02
PAT	Yes	104	21.0	392	79.0	1.41	(1.06-1.87)	0.02
Genital ulcers	No®	181	24.0	574	76.0	0.95	(0.69-1.29)	0.72
Genital ulcers	Yes	76	25.0	228	75.0	0.95	(0.69-1.29)	0.72
History of oral ulcers	No®	185	28.3	469	71.7	1.82	(1.34-2.48)	0.00
History of oral ulcers	Yes	72	17.8	333	82.2	1.82	(1.34-2.48)	0.00
Incarceration	No®	257	24.8	781	75.2	14.17	(0.86-234.73)	0.06
Incarceration	Yes	0	0.0	21	100.0	14.17	(0.86-234.73)	0.06
Previous stay at camps/youth homes	No®	141	21.5	515	78.5	0.68	(0.51-0.90)	0.01
Previous stay at camps/youth homes	Yes	116	28.8	287	71.2	0.68	(0.51-0.90)	0.01
Fatigue during the last 6 months	No®	174	27.3	463	72.7	1.53	(1.14-2.07)	0.00
Fatigue during the last 6 months	Yes	83	19.7	339	80.3	1.53	(1.14-2.07)	0.00
Opioid injections	No®	251	24.0	793	76.0	0.47	(0.17-1.35)	0.16
Opioid injections	Yes	6	40.0	9	60.0	0.47	(0.17-1.35)	0.16
Alcohol consumption	No®	241	24.3	749	75.7	1.07	(0.60-1.90)	0.83
Alcohol consumption	Yes	16	23.2	53	76.8	1.07	(0.60-1.90)	0.83
Shisha smoking	No®	213	25.4	627	74.6	1.35	(0.94-1.95)	0.11
Shisha smoking	Yes	44	20.1	175	79.9	1.35	(0.94-1.95)	0.11
Family history of hepatic disease	No®	209	23.9	666	76.1	0.90	(0.62-1.28)	0.53
Family history of hepatic disease	Yes	48	26.1	136	73.9	0.90	(0.62-1.28)	0.53
Partner with STIs	No®	241	23.6	780	76.4	0.42	(0.22-0.82)	0.01
Partner with STIs	Yes	16	42.1	22	57.9	0.42	(0.22-0.82)	0.01
Partner infected with HCV	No®	249	24.9	751	75.1	2.11	(0.99-4.52)	0.05
Partner infected with HCV	Yes	8	13.6	51	86.4	2.11	(0.99-4.52)	0.05
Contact with jaundiced person	No®	239	25.0	716	75.0	1.59	(0.94-2.71)	0.08
Contact with jaundiced person	Yes	18	17.3	86	82.7	1.59	(0.94-2.71)	0.08
Sex during menstruation	No®	248	24.6	762	75.4	1.45	(0.69-3.02)	0.33
Sex during menstruation	Yes	9	18.4	40	81.6	1.45	(0.69-3.02)	0.33

PAT: Parenteral antischistosomal therapy; STIs: Sexually transmitted infections; ®: Reference category.