Table 2: Diagnosistic methods and related biomarkers performance capacity for diagnoses of neonatla sepsis.
|
Diagnostic methods |
Performance |
Comments |
|||
|
Sensitivity (%) |
Specificity (%) |
Positive predictive value (%) |
Negative predictive value (%) |
|
|
|
Hematological [67] |
|||||
|
Total leucocyte count |
EOS: 0.3-18 LOS: 0.1-23 |
EOS: 79-99 LOS: 80-99 |
EOS: 36 LOS: 13-100 |
EOS: 94-99.8 LOS: 74-96 |
|
|
Neutrophil count |
EOS: 0.8-8 LOS: 2.4-5 |
EOS: 95-99 LOS: 34-98 |
LOS: 14-21 |
LOS: 74-96 |
|
|
Neutrophil ratio:
|
EOS: 22-62 LOS: 33-54 |
EOS: 74-96 LOS: 62-100 |
EOS: 2.5 LOS: 12-100 |
EOS: 99 LOS: 66-96 |
|
|
Platelet count |
EOS: 0.8-4 LOS: 8-48 |
EOS: 97-99 LOS: 89-98 |
EOS: 13-14 LOS: 9 |
LOS: 94 |
|
|
Acute-phase reactant (predict disease severity and guide the antibiotic duration as well) [71] |
|||||
|
C-reactive protein |
EOS: 9-89 LOS: 29-94 |
EOS: 59-87 LOS: 78-100 |
EOS: 33-96 LOS: 66-100 |
EOS: 50-94 LOS: 38-90 |
|
|
Procalcitonin |
7-100 |
35-99 |
33-90 |
91-100 |
|
|
Cytokines and chemokines [11,66-68] |
|||||
|
IL-1β |
EOS: 74-83 LOS: 95 |
EOS: 70-86 LOS: 59 |
EOS: 71 LOS: 35 |
EOS: 94 LOS: 97 |
|
|
IL-6 |
EOS: 54-84 LOS: 44-100 |
EOS: 70-100 LOS: 74-93 |
EOS: 38-100 LOS: 40-86 |
EOS: 59-97 LOS: 74-100 |
|
|
IL-8 |
EOS: 44-96 EOS: 70-94 |
EOS: 70-94 |
EOS: 43-91 |
EOS: 83-98 |
|
|
TNF-α |
EOS: 75 LOS: 60-100 |
EOS: 88 LOS: 79-86 |
EOS: 67 LOS: 54-82 |
EOS: 51 LOS: 78-100 |
|
|
Cell Surface Markers [67] |
|||||
|
Cluster of Differentiation 14 (CD14) |
67-83 |
67-88 |
|
|
|
|
Cluster of Differentiation 64 (CD64) |
70-96 |
62-98 |
|
|
|
|
Molecular diagnostics [11,60,64.69] |
|||||
|
Broad-range conventional PCR |
63-100 |
87-95 |
37-77.2 |
82.2-100 |
|
|
Real-time PCR |
59-96 |
53-97 |
|
|
|
|
Multiplex PCR |
61-75 |
87-92 |
|
|
|
|
Species- and genus-specific |
69-100 |
97-100 |
100 |
98 |
|
|
PCR followed by post-PCR processing |
45-100 |
94-98 |
50-96.8 |
84.2-99.2 |
|
|
Hybridization |
72 |
100 |
99.3 |
90.4 |
|
|
Mass spectrometry |
76-80 |
96-100 |
99.2 |
|
|