Proposed Vaccine

Platform

Characteristics

Reference

ADJUVANTED RABIES VACCINE

Adjuvants have been used as complement to boost immunogenicity and produce more potent vaccines. Many conventional adjuvants like alum, aluminum salts are being discarded because of their toxicity. Newer synthetic derivatives like beta-glucans, monophosphoryl-lipid A and bacillus Calmette- Guerin purified protein derivative(PPD) have been studied. They show promising results in terms of robust immune response and safety profile.

[36,37]

RECOMBINANT RABIES VACCINE

Extensive research has been done to design a recombinant vaccine which encodes two copies of Glycoprotein gene. This has enhanced expression of G gene leading to improved immunity and safety. These are promising vaccine candidates.

  [38]

RABIES DNA VACCINE

Using recombinant DNA technology the Glycoprotein gene can be cloned into vector models leading to its increased expression.

This has been the basis of DNA vaccine successfully. However, integration of plasmid DNA into host chromosome carries adverse effects. There may be auto-immunity flares. More studies are hence required before wider acceptance.

  [39]

RABIES RNA VACCINE

These are the simplest nucleic acid vaccines and offer a promising alternative to already existing vaccines. m-RNA based rabies vaccine have been found to be immunogenic in experimental pigs. Key issue to be addressed is the instability of RNA vaccines.

[35,40]