Table
1: Proprioception and Balance Results
Pre- and Post-WBV Exposure (means ±
standard deviations).
|
|
Pre |
Post |
P-Value |
Effect Size |
|
Cervical
Proprioception (degrees) |
|
|
|
|
|
R30
JPS AE |
2.65 ± 1.40 |
2.09 ± 1.12 |
0.064 |
-0.442 |
|
L30
JPS AE |
2.89 ± 0.97 |
2.59 ± 1.00 |
0.411 |
-0.305 |
|
R60
JPS AE |
2.16 ± 1.69 |
2.49 ± 1.30 |
0.079 |
0.219 |
|
L60
JPS AE |
3.00 ± 3.77 |
3.40 ± 2.86 |
0.331 |
0.120 |
|
Trunk
Proprioception (degrees) |
|
|
|
|
|
Trunk
JPS AE |
2.45 ± 1.37 |
1.62 ± 0.70 |
0.029 |
-0.763 |
|
Trunk
TTDPM Flexion |
0.88 ± 0.70 |
0.87 ± 0.84 |
1.000 |
-0.013 |
|
Trunk
TTDPM Extension |
1.09 ± 0.67 |
1.03 ± 0.74 |
0.505 |
-0.085 |
|
Static Postural Stability (centimeters and Newtons) |
|
|
|
|
|
EO
CoP Anterior-Posterior |
3.50 ± 0.52 |
4.01 ± 0.75 |
0.020 |
0.790 |
|
EO
CoP Medial-Lateral |
3.99 ± 0.70 |
4.61 ± 0.99 |
0.031 |
0.723 |
|
EO
Anterior-Posterior |
1.92 ± 0.54 |
2.07 ± 0.62 |
0.068 |
0.258 |
|
EO
Medial-Lateral |
2.22 ± 0.64 |
2.47 ± 1.14 |
0.427 |
0.270 |
|
EO
Vertical |
3.03 ± 1.02 |
3.30 ± 1.43 |
0.417 |
0.217 |
|
EC
CoP Anterior-Posterior |
8.57 ± 2.39 |
7.53 ± 2.03 |
0.023 |
-0.469 |
|
EC
CoP Medial-Lateral |
9.11 ± 3.28 |
8.29 ± 3.89 |
0.307 |
-0.211 |
|
EC
Anterior-Posterior |
5.17 ± 1.54 |
4.60 ± 1.75 |
0.177 |
-0.346 |
|
EC
Medial-Lateral |
7.75 ± 3.05 |
6.80 ± 2.87 |
0.173 |
-0.321 |
|
EC
Vertical |
8.60 ± 3.47 |
8.27 ± 4.17 |
0.363 |
-0.086 |
|
Dynamic
Postural Stability Index (no unit) |
|
|
|
|
|
Anterior-Posterior |
0.132 ± 0.010 |
0.129 ± 0.011 |
0.151 |
-0.285 |
|
Medial-Lateral |
0.026 ± 0.004 |
0.028 ± 0.008 |
0.820 |
0.316 |
|
Vertical |
0.312 ± 0.034 |
0.307 ± 0.033 |
0.113 |
-0.149 |
|
Combined |
0.340 ± 0.033 |
0.335 ± 0.031 |
0.069 |
-0.156 |
JPS
AE: Joint Position Sense Absolute Error; TTDPM: Threshold to Detect Passive
Motion; EO: Eyes-Open; EC: Eyes Closed