Table 1: Current and past use of pain management treatments for pain in MFS. Individuals may report use of more than one treatment.

N = 218 Current (%) Past (%)
OTCs 53.2 64.7
Opioidsa 33.9 49.5
Non-opioid POMb 21.6 32.1
Physical therapy 17.4 54.1
CAMc 16.5 37.2
Psychology pain interventionsd 12.8 35.8
Procedurese 10.6 38.1
Herbal supplements 4.1 11.9
Occupational therapy 2.8 14.2

OTCs: Over The Counter Treatments includes acetaminophen and non-steroidal anti-inflammatories; aIncludes codeine, fentanyl patch, hydrocodone, hydromorphone, morphine, oxycodone, propoxyphene, and tramadol; bPOM: Prescription-Only Medications, includes clonidine, corticosteroids, cox-2 inhibitors, gabapentin, lidocaine patch, and topiramate; cCAM: Complementary and Alternative Medicine, includes self-hypnosis, acupuncture, chiropractor, and alternative treatments; dIncludes psychotherapy, counseling, relaxation therapy, behavioral therapy, group therapy, stress management, behavioral management, and biofeedback; eIncludes surgeries, nerve blocks, corticosteroid injections, spinal cord stimulators, chemical sympathectomy, and radiofrequency ablation sympathectomy.