Body area with pain

DASS-D

DASS-A

DASS-S

OR (95% CI)

p

OR (95% CI)

p

OR (95% CI)

p

Neck

0.95 (0.87-1.08)

0.577

1.12 (0.98-1.26)

0.085

1.06 (0.93-1.11)

0.444

Shoulder(s)

1.09 (0.98-1.21)

0.049^*

1.00 (0.89-1.13)

0.980

1.06 (0.96-1.13)

0.479

Elbow(s)

1.18 (0.89-1.58)

0.240

0.74 (0.44-1.25)

0.263

1.03 (0.83-1.28)

0.775

Wrist(s)/hand(s)

1.00 (0.89-1.13)

0.995

0.97 (0.84-1.13)

0.751

1.06 (0.95-1.16)

0.371

Upper back

1.18 (1.03-1.34)

0.015^*

1.06 (0.92-1.23)

0.429

0.91 (0.81-1.02)

0.113

Lower back

1.05 (0.96-1.17)

0.267

1.09 (0.93-1.17)

0.472

0.10 (0.93-1.10)

0.841

Hip(s)/thigh(s)

1.01 (0.90-1.15)

0.777

1.02 (0.89-1.18)

0.725

0.98 (0.89-1.10)

0.809

Knee(s)

1.02 (0.93-1.14)

0.616

1.09 (0.96-1.23)

0.183

1.09 (0.93-1.11)

0.664

Ankle(s)/feet

0.98 (0.88-1.10)

0.767

1.14 (0.97-1.27)

0.116

1.09 (0.97-1.17)

0.186

Multiple^a

1.09 (0.96-1.18)

0.270

1.06 (0.91-1.16)

0.662

1.05 (0.95-1.13)

0.389

Upper body^b

1.10 (0.94-1.28)

0.231

1.03 (0.86-1.25)

0.733

0.81 (0.87-1.14)

0.970

Upper extremities^c

1.09 (0.77-1.56)

0.596

1.05 (0.64-1.71)

0.845

1.02 (0.76-1.43)

0.800

Lower extremities^d

1.06 (0.90-1.23)

0.507

1.09 (0.91-1.32)

0.325

0.97 (0.84-1.12)

0.686