Table 6: Associations of work and personal characteristics with the annual prevalence of work-related musculoskeletal disorders.
|
Variable |
Neck |
Shoulder |
Elbow |
Wrist/Hand |
Upper back |
Lower back |
Hip/Thigh |
Knee |
Ankle/Feet |
M |
UB |
UE |
LE |
|
Age |
ns |
ns |
ns |
0.006* |
0.011* |
ns |
ns |
ns |
ns |
ns |
ns |
ns |
ns |
|
Gender |
ns |
0.022* |
ns |
ns |
ns |
ns |
ns |
ns |
ns |
ns |
ns |
ns |
ns |
|
Education |
ns |
0.046* |
ns |
ns |
ns |
ns |
ns |
ns |
ns |
ns |
ns |
ns |
ns |
|
Smoking |
ns |
ns |
ns |
ns |
ns |
ns |
ns |
0.016* |
ns |
ns |
ns |
ns |
ns |
|
Alcohol |
ns |
ns |
ns |
ns |
ns |
ns |
ns |
0.003* |
ns |
ns |
ns |
ns |
ns |
|
Job description |
|||||||||||||
|
Sedentary |
ns |
ns |
ns |
ns |
ns |
ns |
ns |
ns |
ns |
ns |
ns |
ns |
ns |
|
Active |
ns |
ns |
ns |
ns |
ns |
ns |
ns |
ns |
ns |
ns |
ns |
ns |
ns |
|
Strenuous |
ns |
ns |
ns |
ns |
ns |
ns |
ns |
0.041* |
0.043* |
ns |
ns |
ns |
ns |
|
Work Tenure |
ns |
ns |
ns |
ns |
ns |
ns |
ns |
ns |
ns |
ns |
ns |
ns |
ns |
|
Regular PA |
ns |
ns |
ns |
ns |
ns |
0.036* |
0.003* |
0.030* |
ns |
ns |
ns |
ns |
ns |
|
Job Security |
ns |
0.027* |
ns |
ns |
ns |
ns |
ns |
ns |
ns |
ns |
ns |
ns |
ns |
|
Job Cadre |
ns |
ns |
ns |
ns |
ns |
ns |
0.025* |
0.037* |
0.047* |
ns |
ns |
ns |
ns |
|
Working Posture |
|||||||||||||
|
Standing |
ns |
ns |
ns |
ns |
ns |
ns |
ns |
ns |
ns |
ns |
ns |
ns |
ns |
|
Sitting |
ns |
ns |
ns |
ns |
ns |
ns |
ns |
ns |
ns |
ns |
ns |
ns |
ns |
|
Bending |
ns |
ns |
ns |
ns |
ns |
0.025* |
ns |
ns |
ns |
ns |
ns |
ns |
ns |
|
Standing and Sitting |
ns |
ns |
ns |
ns |
ns |
ns |
ns |
ns |
ns |
ns |
ns |
ns |
ns |
|
Standing and Bending |
ns |
ns |
ns |
ns |
ns |
0.022* |
ns |
ns |
ns |
ns |
ns |
ns |
ns |
|
Sitting and Bending |
ns |
ns |
ns |
ns |
ns |
ns |
ns |
ns |
ns |
ns |
ns |
ns |
ns |
Key: ns: Non-significant; *Significant at p < 0.05; PA: Physical activity; M: Multiple; UB: Upper body; UE: Upper extremities; LE: Lower extremities.