Table 2: Acronyms.

a

Acceleration (m/s2)

A

Area (m2)

BW

Body weight (Kg)

C0

Base of the head

C1-C7

Cervical vertebrae (7)

CL5S1

Centroid of the L5-S1 junction

CL5S1VL

CL5S1 vertical line (z axis = SCS)

d

Distance from the CL5S1VL (m)

F

Force (N)

JAIS

Juvenile/adolescent idiopathic scoliosis

kPa

Unit of stress

L1-L5

Lumbar vertebrae (5)

L5S1

Lumbosacral junction

LLD

Leg length discrepancy (m)

m

Mass (Kg)

M

Bending moment (N/m2 = Pa)

S1-S5

Fused vertebrae (5)

SCS

Straight centered spine

T1-T12

Thoracic vertebrae (12)

TAH

Trunk, arms and head

TAHCM

Trunk-arms-head center of mass (Kg)

TAHW

Trunk, arms and head weight (Kg)

VL

Vertical line

σ

Stress (N/m2 = Pa)

σB

Bending stress (N/m2 = Pa)

σC

Compression stress (N/m2 = Pa)