Citation

Study Question or Objective Clear

Eligibility or Selection Criteria Clearly Described

Participants Representative of Real World Patients

All Eligible Participants Enrolled

Sample Size Appropriate for Confidence in Findings

Intervention Clearly Described and Delivered Consistently

Outcome Measures Prespecified, Defined, Valid/Reliable, and Assessed Consistently

Assessors Blinded to Participant Exposure to Intervention

Loss to Follow Up after Baseline 20% or Less

Statistical Methods Examine Changes in Outcome Measures from Before to after Intervention

Outcome Measures were Collected Multiple Times before and after Intervention

Overall Risk of Bias Assessment (Low, Moderate, High Risk)

Betsch, et al. [30]

Y

Y

N

Y

N

Y

Y

N

NA

NA

NA

Low

Choi, et al. [31]

Y

Y

N

Y

N

Y

Y

N

NA

NA

NA

Low

Douglas & Gallagher [22]

Y

Y

N

Y

N

Y

Y

N

NA

NA

NA

Low

Elserty, et al. [23]

Y

Y

N

Y

Y

Y

Y

N

NA

NA

NA

Low

Emodi-Perlman, et al. [32]

N

Y

N

Y

N

Y

Y

N

NA

NA

NA

Moderate

Gustafsson, et al. [24]

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

NA

Y

NA

N

NA

NA

Low

Korpinen & Pääkkönen [33]

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

NA

Y

NA

NA

NA

NA

Low

Lin, et al. [25]

Y

Y

N

Y

N

Y

Y

NA

NA

NA

NA

Low

Pais, et al. [34]

Y

Y

Y

Y

N

Y

Y

N

NA

NA

NA

Low

Queiroz, et al. [35]

Y

Y

N

Y

Y

Y

Y

NA

NA

NA

NA

Low

Short, et al. [36]

Y

Y

N

Y

N

Y

Y

NA

NA

NA

NA

Low

Silva, et al. [26]

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

NA

Y

NA

NA

NA

NA

Low

Szucs, et al. [27]

Y

Y

Y

Y

N

Y

Y

N

NA

NA

NA

Low

Tapanya, et al. [28]

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

N

NA

NA

NA

Low

Toh, et al. [29]

Y

Y

N

Y

Y

Y

Y

N

N

NA

Y

Low

Young, et al. [37]

Y

Y

N

Y

N

Y

Y

N

NA

NA

NA

Low

Note: Y: Yes; N: No; NR: Not Reported; NA: Not Applicable; Scoring for overall risk of bias assessment is as follows: 0-3 N, Low risk of bias (L); 4-8 N, Moderate risk of bias (M); 9-11 N, High risk of bias (H).

Citation: Table format adapted from National Heart Lung and Blood Institute [18].