Table 1: Anticancer activity of wogonin against various cancers.
Tumor type | Cell lines | Mechanism | Ref |
Leukemia | HL-60 | Activation of caspase 3, H2AX phosphorylation, cleavage of PARP | [101,102] |
B-type human leukemia | NALM-6 | VEGF, c-Myc, reduced production of NF-kB | [103] |
Multiple myeloma | 8226 | Decrease in ABCG2 protein, suppression of Akt1 activity | [104,105] |
Hepatocellular carcinoma | HepG2 | Decrease in Bcl-2 protein lead to increase in Bax and pro-caspase-3 activity | [106] |
Hepatocellular carcinoma | HepG2 | production of ROS, ER stress | [106] |
Hepatocellular carcinoma | HepG2 | reduced production of Nrf2 | [106] |
Colorectal cancer | SMMC-7721 | Reduced activity of PI3K/AKT, increasing of Bax protein, Bcl-2↓, caspase-3↑, p21 | [106] |
Colorectal cancer | HCT116 | HIF-1α↓, PI3K/AKT↓ | [107] |
Colorectal cancer | HCT116 | G1 arrest, deregulation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway | [60] |
Colorectal cancer | HepG2, Bel7402 | Reduced production of Cyclin D1, cyclin E, CDK4/6, Bcl-2 and MMP2, Increased cleavage of caspase-3 and caspase-9 | [108] |
Breast cancer | HT-29 | NF-κB, Nrf2, AKT | [109,110] |
Breast cancer | MCF-7 | Decrease in PI3K/AKT activity | [109,111] |
Glioma | U87-MG, U343-MG, U373, T98G, and MCF-10A | AMPK, p53 | [112] |
Lung cancer | A549 | IL-6/STAT3 | [112] |
Cervical cancer | HPV-16 | E6↓, E7↓ | [113] |
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma | NPC-TW076/039 | GSK-3β↓, ΔNp63↓ | [85] |
Osteosarcoma | U-2 OS | ER stress | [76] |