Table 1: Summary of patient characteristics.
|
Patient 1 |
Patient 2 |
Patient 3 |
Age (y) |
30 |
57 |
38 |
Gender |
Male |
Male |
Male |
Presenting symptoms |
Severe headache for 3 days, LOC |
Hypertensive bout, Acute right-side motor deficit, Broca’s aphasia, Agitation, LOC |
Headache, Nausea, Vomiting, Altered consciousness, Agitation, seizures |
Fever on admission |
No |
No (hypothermia) |
No |
Presence of seizures |
No |
No |
Yes, Generalized |
Initial GCS |
4 (M2 V1 O1) |
Sedated |
13 (M6 V4 O3) |
Pupils on admission |
Fixed, Mydriatic |
Myotic (sedation) |
Reactive, Isochoric |
Ventilated on arrival |
Yes |
Yes |
No |
Brain CT findings (admission) |
Intraparenchymal hematoma, No vascular anomaly, Involvement of all ventricles, Secondary SAH |
Intraparenchymal hematoma, No vascular anomaly, Involvement of all ventricles |
Pretruncal nonaneurysmal SAH, Involvement of 4th ventricle |
Type and Location of ICH |
Right thalamic, Panventricular extension, Right sylvian SAH |
Left thalamic, Panventricular extension |
Pretruncal SAH, 4th ventricle extension |
Initial lung CT findings |
Ground glass opacities in the inferior right lobe, Thin pleural fluid collection bilaterally |
Ground glass opacities affecting both lungs, Bilateral fluid collection approx. 1 cm thick |
Ground glass opacities in the lower lobes |
COVID-19 PCR positivity date |
24.11.2020 |
09.11.2020 |
30.11.2020 |
Days intubated |
6 |
20 |
7 (interrupted) |
Anticoagulant/antiplatelet (after admission) |
No |
Fraxiparine |
Fraxiparine clexane |
Intervention for ICH |
Right EVD |
Right EVD |
Right EVD |
Concomitant infections |
None detected |
None detected |
Pulmonary |
CSF pressure and Aspect (surgery) |
Increased pressure, Blood red |
Increased pressure, Blood red |
Increased pressure, Slightly tinted red |
Lab Findings on Admission (measure units) |
|||
WBC (109/L) |
19.52 (4-10) |
13.54 (4-10) |
16.68 (4-10) |
RBC (1012/L) |
5.78 (4.5-5.5) |
5.31 |
4.82 |
HGB (g/dL) |
16.5 |
15.7 |
14.3 |
HCT (%) |
49.9 |
48.8 |
42.6 |
MCV (fL) |
86.3 |
92.0 |
88.4 |
MCH (pg) |
28.5 |
29.7 |
29.6 |
MCHC (g/dL) |
33.0 |
32.2 |
33.4 |
RDW-SD (fL) |
40.9 |
41.5 |
41.0 |
RDW-CV (%) |
13.7 |
13.0 |
13.1 |
PLT (109/L) |
375 |
175 |
253 |
PDW (fL) |
15.9 |
16.3 (10.1-16.1) |
15.7 |
MPV (fL) |
9.3 |
11.7 |
9.3 |
PCT (%) |
0.351% (0.17-0.32%) |
0.204% |
0.237% |
P-LCR (%) |
21.0% |
36.6% |
20.2% |
NEUT% |
83.8% (30-75%) |
81.5% (30-75%) |
85.9% (30-75%) |
NEUT# (109/L) |
16.35 (1.5-6.6) |
11.03 (1.5-6.6) |
16.04 (1.5-6.6) |
LYMPH% |
8.6% (20-45%) |
11.0% (20-45%) |
5.9% (10-45%) |
LYMPH# |
1.68 |
1.49 |
1.10 |
MONO% |
7.6% |
7.4% |
8.0% |
MONO# |
1.48 (0.21-0.92) |
1.01 (0.21-0.92) |
1.50 (0.21-0.92) |
EO% |
0.0% (1-5%) |
0.0% (1-5%) |
0.1 (1-5%) |
EO# |
0.00 (0.02-0.67) |
0.00 (0.02-0.67) |
0.02 |
BASO% |
0.0 |
0.1% |
0.1% |
BASO# |
0.01 |
0.01 |
0.02 |
ALAT |
45 |
24 |
26 |
ASAT |
29 |
25 |
19 |
Direct bilirubin |
0.06 |
0.15 |
0.20 |
Total bilirubin |
0.32 |
0.79 |
0.89 |
Ionized calcium (mg/dL) |
4.38 (4.4-5.4) |
4.62 |
4.47 |
Total calcium (mg/dL) |
8.77 (8.8-10.6) |
9.02 |
8.52 (8.8-10.6) |
Creatin kinase (U/L) |
226 (< 171) |
165 |
350 (< 171) |
CK-MB (U/L) |
29 (< 24) |
13 |
9 |
Creatinine (mg/dL) |
0.93 |
2.24 (0.67-1.17) |
0.61 (0.67-1.17) |
Alkaline phosphatase |
76 |
62 |
71 |
GGT (U/L) |
28 |
38 |
22 |
Glycemia (mg/dL) |
174 (74-106) |
122 (74-106) |
96 |
Sodium [Na] (mmol/L) |
138 |
141 |
142 |
Potassium [K] (mmol/L) |
4.47 |
4.39 |
3.47 (3.5-5.1) |
Chloride [Cl] (mmol/L) |
105 |
105 |
106 |
LDH (U/L) |
231 |
214 |
N/A |
C-reactive Protein (mg/dL) |
0.34 |
1.17 (< 0.5) |
10.77 (< 0.5) |
Urea (mg/dL) |
30 |
64 (17-43) |
24 |
APTT (sec.) |
21.3 |
21.7 |
20.8 |
PT (sec.) |
12.8 |
12.8 |
16.2 (10.5-15) |
Prothrombin index (%) |
89.1 |
89.1 |
70.6 (80-120) |
INR |
1.12 |
1.12 |
1.34 (0.8-1.22) |
Outcome |
Deceased |
Deceased |
Alive (in ICU) |
Concerning lab test results, they are in the normal range of their parameters according to our laboratory, except where specified (bolded and normal range in parentheses). ALAT: Alanine aminotransferase; APTT: Activated partial thromboplastin time; ASAT: Aspartate transaminase; BASO#: Basophil count; BASO%: Basophil percentage; CK-MB: Myocadiac creatin kinase; COVID-19: Coronavirus disease 2019; CSF: Cerebrospinal fluid; CT: Computer tomography; EO#: Eosinophil count; EO%: Eosinophil percentage; EVD: External ventricular drainage; Fl: Femtoliters; GCS: Glasgow coma score; GGT: Gamma-glutamyl transferase; HCT: Hematocrit; HGB: Hemoglobin; ICH: Intracranial hemorrhage; INR: International normalized ratio; LDH: Lactate dehydrogenase; LOC: Loss of consciousness; LYMPH#: Lymphocyte count; LYMPH%: Lymphocyte percentage; MCH: Mean corpuscular hemoglobin; MCHC: Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration; MCV: Mean corpuscular volume; MONO#: Monocyte count; MONO%: Monocyte percentage; MPV: Mean platelet volume; N/A: Not applicable; NEUT#: Neutrophil count; NEUT%: Neutrophil percentage; P-LCR: Platelet large cell ratio; PCR: Polymerase chain reaction; PCT: Procalcitonin; PDW: Platelet distribution width; pg: Picograms; PLT: Platelet count; PT: Prothrombin time; RBC: Red blood cell count; RDW-SD: Red blood cell distribution width standard deviation; RDW-CV: Red blood cell distribution width coefficient of variation; SAH: Subarachnoid hemorrhage; U/L: Units per liter of blood; WBC: White blood cell count; y: Years.