Article

Case

N

First author

Age/Gender

Presentation

Radiological findings

Initial diagnosis

Postoperative diagnosis

Management

Outcome

1

Krings T, et al. [22]

42 y/F

Left moderate hemiparesis and Hypoesthesia

CT: Intraparenchymal medial temporal clot adjacent to the sylvian fissure and the circular cistern, Containing the MCA

DSA: Small berry aneurysm on a temporal branch proximal to the right MCA bifurcation pointing anteroinferiorly, Compatible with the site of the clot

Ruptured MCA aneurysm

Multiple supra- and Infratentorial CCMs

-

Good

2

Mocco J, et al. [19]

21 y/M

Occipital headache for 10 days, Photophobia, Nausea, Neck stiffness and Fever

CT: 1-2 cm right-sided dural-based mass of high attenuation spanning foramen magnum and a segment of the upper spinal canal

MRI: Loculated mass with a cystic component displaced the medulla to the left

Angiogram: Early filling and slow washout of the epidural venous plexus at the pos- terior canal margin of C1 and C2.

Thrombosed vertebral artery aneurysm, Meningioma, AVM and Infectious pathogenesis [tuberculosis]

Extramedullary foramen magnum CCM

Dissection

Good

3

Rheinboldt, M, et al. [23]

31 y/M

Severe left retro-orbital throbbing pain and Mild accompanying ptosis

CT: Hyperdense 2-cm mass centered in the region of the suprasellar cistern

MRI: T1WI, Flair, and T2W2, Hyperintense, Acutely hemorrhagic mass at the hypothalamus and left lateral wall of the third ventricle, with mass effect upon the tuber cinereum, Optic chiasm and Left optic tract

Basilar tip aneurysm or Primary suprasellar pathology

Exophytic hypothalamic CCM

Conservative

Good

4

Wolfe SQ, et al. [20]

69 y/M

Painful left complete third nerve palsy

MRI: Non- enhancing hgih-signal lesion on T1WI with heterogeneity on T2WI in the region of the left carotid cistern

MRA: Confirmed the T1 shortening

Catheter angiogram: Infundibular formation of the left Pcom

Partially thrombosed left Pcom aneurysm

CCM of the left oculomotor nerve

Resection

Poor

26 y/M

Sudden-onset, Complete third nerve palsy

MRI: Punctuate area of high T1-weighted signal in the right crural cistern, Adjacent to the Pcom

Right Pcom aneurysm

CCM of the right oculomotor nerve

Resection

Good

5

Cianfoni A, et al. [35]

42 y/M

Progressive decline of visual acuity on the left side and Retro-orbital pain

CT: Hyperdense lesion without calcifications

MRI: Flattened optic nerve. Heterogenous lesion on T1 & T2. Enhancement with contras

Left ICA aneurysm

Left optic nerve CCM

Resection

Good

6

Uneda A, et al. [21]

50 y/ F

Severe headache, Vomiting, and Dizziness

CT: Diffuse SAH & 4^th ventricle

MRI: Mixed-signal core lesion with hypointense rim

Ruptured intracranial aneurysm

Left cerebellar CCM

Conservative

Good

7

Maenhoudt W, et al. [18]

45 y/F

Chronic occipital headaches and intermittent sudden right-sided migraine attacks

MRI: Axial T2WI, multiloculated vascular lesions at the foramen magnum with upward expansion into the right foramen of Luschka

Right vertebral artery aneurysm or AVM

Intradural extramedullary foramen magnum CCM

Resection

Good

8

Present case 2020

43 y/M

Seizure & Headache

CT: Hyperdense lesion in posterior left gyrus rectus, No calcifications, Perilesional edema or SAH

MRI: Hemosiderin rim on T2W imaging, Blooming at GRE

ACA aneurysm

Gyrus rectus CCM

Resection

Good