Puerperium is defined as the period of six weeks after child birth during which the mother's reproductive organs return to their original non-pregnant condition. Perianal problems including Constipation, Hemorrhoid and Fissure are among the most common complications among women during puerperium, observed in about 30 to 50 percent of women. Considering this great prevalence and the paucity of similar research in Ethiopia, this study was done to assess the prevalence of perianal problems during p...

Ageing is a slow and continuous process that is associated with the decline in the functioning immune system. These changes are now recognized and appreciated under the canopy term ‘Immuno-senescence’ [1]. Immuno-senescence is not due to a lack of immune cells but reduced diversity in the repertoire - with reduced naive cells and increased memory cells. Secondly, the ageing immune system is subject to inflammaging, elevated self-reactivity leading to chronic low-grade inflammation....