The ultrafiltration volume, a surrogate maker of inter-dialytic weight gain and extraction ratio plays a significant contributory role in the dialysis dose but in very large amount can lead to intradialysis hypotension and its consequences of myocardial ischemia and stunning and further diminution of kidney function. Measures are needed to prescribe the optimal quantity for each session. A thousand six hundred and eighty eight dialysis sessions for 287 participants were studied. Pre and postdial...

The association of Per-hilar FSGS with type 2 diabetes is not uncommon and represent a form of podocytopathy. Nephropathy in diabetic patients is not content in diabetic nephropathy and various primary glomerulonephritis have been reported. The trend of aggressive urinary abnormalities with rapid deterioration in renal function raises the possibility of nondiabetic renal disease. The association of podocytopathy in the form of heavy proteinuria, muscle weakness and arteriolopathy suggest mitocho...