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Infectious Diseases and EpidemiologyISSN: 2474-3658

Early Online

 Open Access DOI:10.23937/2474-3658/1510298

Invasive Diseases Due to Fatal Staphylococcus caprae Infection: A Case Series and Literature Review

Antonio Mastroianni, MD, Sonia Greco, MD, Valeria Vangeli, MD, Maria Vittoria Mauro, MD and Roberto Manfredi, MD

Article Type: Case Series | First Published: March 31, 2023

We report a case series of fatal invasive diseases due to Staphylococcus caprae. We describe the first cases of S. caprae sepsis in two italian patients. In the first patient there was also evidence of the fourth case reported in the English language literature of mitral endocarditis. We also discuss the main features of differential diagnosis on the basis of a literature review....

 Open Access DOI:10.23937/2474-3658/1510295

Occupational Exposure to Infectious Diseases among Health Workers: Effects, Managements and Recommendations

Godfred Yawson Scott, Kengo Nathan Ezie, Zakariya'u Dauda, Angyiba Serge Andigema and Felix Amekpor

Article Type: Review Article | First Published: March 05, 2023

Healthcare professionals work with patients in settings that are regarded as some of the highest-risk workplace conditions. Healthcare workers' lives, safety, and well-being are in danger due to occupational risks such biological, chemical, physical, ergonomic, psychological, fire and explosion, and electrical dangers. According to estimates, 1 in 10 healthcare professionals worldwide get a sharp injury each year....

 Open Access DOI:10.23937/2474-3658/1510294

Increasing Cases of Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infection in West Africa: Is Combination Therapy and Immunomodulators the Best Cure?

Godfred Yawson Scott, Noble Princess Chinelo, Zakariya'u Dauda and Azubuike Immanuel

Article Type: Perspective | First Published: February 22, 2023

West Africa has a high endemicity of chronic hepatitis B, which causes liver cancer, cirrhosis, liver failure, and chronic liver disease, all of which put a severe strain on the region's already crippled healthcare system. This disease kills nearly 200,000 people in West Africa each year. As a result, finding a cure is critical. Several scientists have developed potential treatments for this disease over the years. However, the majority of them have failed....

 Open Access DOI:10.23937/2474-3658/1510293

Severe Community - Acquired Achromobacter denitrificans Cellulitis

Antonio Mastroianni, MD, Sonia Greco, MD, Valeria Vangeli, MD, Maria Vittoria Mauro, MD, Francesca Greco, MD, Filippo Urso, MD and Roberto Manfredi, MD

Article Type: Case Report | First Published: February 18, 2023

Achromobacter is a genus of non-fermenting gram-negative bacteria, mainly isolated from the respiratory tract of people with cystic fibrosis, but recognized as the causal agent of different types of infections, especially in individuals and with chronic diseases and immune deficiency. Skin infections are very rare and not easy to manage also due to the intrinsic resistance to various antibiotics empirically used in the treatment of skin infections. In this short report, we intend to describe a r...

 Open Access DOI:10.23937/2474-3658/1510292

Circulation of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Variant (B1.1.529) in the General Population of Western Burkina Faso, West Africa

Yacouba Sawadogo, Jessica Julie Chantal Samba, Raïssa Muriel de Souza, Noutin Fernand Michodigni, Arsène Zongo, Amariane Marie Madeleine Koné, Isidore Traoré, Odilon Kaboré, Cheick Ahmed Ouattara, Natasha Dubois Cauwelaert, Essia Belarbi, Eric D'Ortenzio, Dramane Kania and Abdoul-Salam Ouedraogo

Article Type: Original Article | First Published: January 31, 2023

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Omicron variant was responsible of an increase of the COVID-19 incidence worldwide. This study aimed to investigate the circulation of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant (B1.1.529) in the general population in Burkina Faso and provide better preventive strategies. This was a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted from November 2021 to November 2022. All individuals with PCR-positive results were tested with the DI SARS-CoV-2 MOC/I Mul...

 Open Access DOI:10.23937/2474-3658/1510291

Epidemiological and Diagnostic Aspects of Cholera Epidemics in Eastern Democratic Republic of Congo between January 2011 and June 2022

Patrick AYONGA NDEBA, Bruce WEMBULUA SHINGA, Fatimata WONE, Alain- Bruno BARDIGUYO, Lassina DIALLO, Jackson BYAMUNGU MPINGA, Henriette MULASI KITUTU, Raphael KABANGWA KAKONGO SENGA, Viviane Marie-Pierre CISSE and Roger Clément Kouly TINE

Article Type: Original Article | First Published: January 31, 2023

Nearly 4 million cases of cholera are reported each year worldwide, including 189,000 (5 to 14%) in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). The eastern provinces, known as “hot spots”, report more than half of these cases. Describe the epidemiological and diagnostic aspects of cholera in eastern DRC....

 Open Access DOI:10.23937/2474-3658/1510290

Pregnancy Outcomes during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Study Based on a Tertiary Care Hospital in Sri Lanka

Thumula Ratnayake, Dompege Don Dananjaya Srimal Bandara and Mohottalalage Sunethra Sandhya Kumari Bandara

Article Type: Original Article | First Published: January 31, 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic response affected maternal and neonatal health services worldwide. This study aimed to explore the impact of the pandemic on pregnancy outcomes, such as monthly stillbirth rates, percentage of monthly lower segment cesarean sections (LSCS), percentage of monthly preterm births, and percentage of monthly neonatal unit admissions at a tertiary care hospital in Sri Lanka. The study was conducted as a retrospective medical record-based study and included a total of 28,292 deliv...

 Open Access DOI:10.23937/2474-3658/1510289

Patient Characteristics and Outcomes among Two COVID-19 Therapeutics Registries in Maine

Kyle D Massey, PharmD, BCIDP, Astha Kakkad, MBBS, MSPH, Jennifer L Trumbo, MS, MPH, Krysta Anderson, BS and Rebekah Gass, MD

Article Type: Brief Report | First Published: January 06, 2023

This study compared protocolized use of investigational COVID-19 therapies and determined trends among risk factors, disease severity, and outcomes in two patient registries representing 75% of hospitalizations state-wide. Establishing a local pandemic registry provides greater insight into pattern of disease, patient care, and safety of therapeutics during the pandemic....

 Open Access DOI:10.23937/2474-3658/1510288

Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii IgG and IgM Antibodies and Associated Risk Factors among Pregnant Women Consulted at the Bamenda Regional Hospital, Cameroon

Yamssi Cédric, Noumedem Anangmo Christelle Nadia, Niba Felicien Ambe, Gamago Nkadeu Guy- Armand and Vincent Khan Payne

Article Type: Research Article | First Published: December 31, 2022

Toxoplasmosis is a parasitic infection with public health importance. The aim of this study was to determine the seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis and its risk factors among pregnant women consulted at the Bamenda Regional Hospital. This study was a hospital-based cross-sectional study carried out on pregnant women who attended the antenatal clinic at the Bamenda Regional Hospital....

 Open Access DOI:10.23937/2474-3658/1510287

COVID-19 Histamine Theory: Why Anti-Histamines Should Be Incorporated as the Basic Component in COVID-19 Management?

Harold L Mashauri

Article Type: Perspective | First Published: December 31, 2022

Since the emergency of COVID-19 in December 2019 in Wuhan, China, WHO declared COVID-19 to be a global pandemic crisis on March 11, 2020 [1]. The key in facing this outbreak lies greatly on proper understanding of its pathophysiology. A number of mechanisms have been proposed up to date with some supported clinical findings from the cases which has been successful treated [2]....

 Open Access DOI:10.23937/2474-3658/1510286

Monkeypox Virus: Transfer from Endemic Areas to Non- Endemic Areas Due to Ease of Travel

Moslem Ghaseminia

Article Type: Mini Review | First Published: December 19, 2022

Monkeypox is a viral infection with skin manifestations. After the identification of this virus more than fifty years ago, more or less cases were observed in endemic countries. The spread of the disease to non-endemic countries has also occurred through the transmission of infected monkeys as the main host of the virus. Today, with the development of international vehicles, the risk of spreading viral diseases to different parts of the world has increased....

 Open Access DOI:10.23937/2474-3658/1510285

Sero-Prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in Pregnant Women Attending Ante Natal Care in Jos University Teaching Hospital (JUTH)

Dawet A , Yusuf K, Golnaan CH, Lengnen ET, Buhari MN and Yakubu DP

Article Type: Original Research | First Published: November 30, 2022

Toxoplasmosis caused by Toxoplasma gondii is an asymptomatic disease, but often takes a severe and life- threatening course during pregnancy, in foetuses, new bon babies and immune-compromised people. This study aimed at determining the prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection among pregnant women attending Ante Natal Clinic in Jos University Teaching Hospital (JUTH) and factors associated with it....

 Open Access DOI:10.23937/2474-3658/1510284

Club Convergence over Time for Infectious Disease in China

Weiwei Wang, Yusheng Chen, Qiyuan Li and Jianping Zhu

Article Type: Research Article | First Published: November 30, 2022

Comprehensive strategies have been implemented to prevent the spread of infectious diseases in China; however, there is a lack of evidence on their achievements and traits-based infection heterogeneity. This study was designed to assess the spatiotemporal pattern and convergence feature at the national and regional levels....

 Open Access DOI:10.23937/2572-3235.1510096

Knowledge of Common Radiological Investigations in Emergency Setting by Physicians in Bahrain

Bayan Hasan, MD and Wadie Yousif

Article Type: Original Article | First Published: September 17, 2022

Radiological imaging modalities serve as a cornerstone of diagnosis and management of a variety of medical conditions and thus are increasingly used by numerous physicians across differing specialties. Nevertheless, it is well established that radiation exposure poses a risk towards patients’ safety, particularly the risk of future cancer development....
  • Article Formats

 Open Access DOI:10.23937/2474-3658/1510283

Magnitude of Unsuppressed HIV Viral Load at Amhara Public Health Institute Dessie Branch, Northeast Ethiopia

Mohammed Seid Yesuf, Daniel Dagne, Minwuyelet Maru, Birtukan Shiferaw, Assefa Missaye and Seid Ali Desalegn

Article Type: Original Article | First Published: November 30, 2022

Human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS)/is the leading cause of global burden of disease. The main goal of antiretroviral treatment is to suppress the replication of the virus in the body. Suppressed viral replication facilitates restoration of the immune function and significantly reduces the risk of HIV transmission. Viral load testing is the most recommended method to diagnose and confirm antiretroviral treatment failure. Epidemiological data on viral suppre...

 Open Access DOI:10.23937/2474-3658/1510282

Single and Multiobjective Optimal Control of the COVID Pandemic Model Involving Hospitalizations and Non- Pharmaceutical Control Actions

Lakshmi Sridhar

Article Type: Research Article | First Published: October 31, 2022

In this paper, single and multiobjective optimal control is performed on a Corona Virus disease model involving hospitalizations and non-pharmaceutical intervention tasks to minimize the damage done by the virus. This model considers the effects of hospitalization and non-pharmaceutical interventions like quarantining and social distancing....

 Open Access DOI:10.23937/2474-3658/1510281

A Mini-Review of Neonatal Sepsis Patterns with Emphasis on Zoonotic Causes

Daniel Geleta and Bersissa Kumsa

Article Type: Mini Review | First Published: October 31, 2022

Neonatal sepsis is a clinical syndrome that involves a systemic infection of the newborn during the first 28 days of life, with a high contribution of zoonotic sources worldwide. Sepsis is not, therefore, a monolithic condition. It encompasses a spectrum of illnesses that range from minor signs and symptoms to organ dysfunction and shock. Infection may occur by hematogenous, transplacental spread from a mother or by ascending infection from the cervix. Commonly, it is classified as early-onset (...

 Open Access DOI:10.23937/2474-3658/1510280

Antibiotic Susceptibility Patterns and Biofilm Production by Uropathogenic Escherichia coli from Reproductive Age Women in a Region of NSW

Timothy Kudinha and Fanrong Kong

Article Type: Original Research | First Published: October 19, 2022

Urinary tract infections (UTIs), mostly caused by uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC), are important human infections. Understanding UTI pathogenesis is important for combating the rise in treatment failure and recurrent infections. We studied the distribution of biofilm production by host and non-host factors, among UPEC antibiotic resistant and sensitive cystitis isolates, from reproductive age women....

 Open Access DOI:10.23937/2474-3658/1510279

Corona Virus (COVID-19) Vaccine: Challenges and Prospects in Nigeria: A Review

IA Simon-Oke, R Nasiru and OJ Afolabi

Article Type: Review Article | First Published: September 30, 2022

The emergence of the novel Corona virus disease (COVID-19) in Wuhan city, China, in December, 2019 ushered in changes in the state of events globally. The pandemic has shaken the global health system and economy to their bases. The epidemic of Covid-19 is still ongoing and showing no signs of decreasing trend. An intriguing fact is that in every decade of the 21st century, there is a new major corona virus epidemic; severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) IN 2002, Middle East respiratory syndro...

 Open Access DOI:10.23937/2474-3658/1510278

Willingness to Accept COVID-19 Vaccine and Associated Factors among University Undergraduates in Southern Nigeria

Andrew Ifeanyichukwu OBI, MBBS, FMCPH, Evans NWANKAEGHO, MBBS, Ewere Scholastica EHINZE, MBBS, Victoria OBADIA, MBBS, Ekaete TOBIN, MBBS, FWACP, Ijeoma OKOLI, MBBS, MWACP, Izehiuwa Gertrude Enato, MBBS, FWACP, Bruce OSA, MBBS, FWACS and Regina Uwaoma OBI, MSc, PhD

Article Type: Original Article | First Published: September 28, 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic has profoundly and adversely impacted various aspects of our societies from health systems, tourism, education, economic growth, social interactions and even individual life. In addition to the various non-pharmacological interventions put in place globally, a safe and efficacious vaccine was one of the most promising strategies to curtail the virus, save lives and quickly end the public health crisis....

 Open Access DOI:10.23937/2474-3658/1510277

Inflammatory Markers and Hematologic Indices in the Prediction of Severity of COVID-19: A Single Center Study in Southern Philippines

Meccar Moniem H Elino, MD, Michael John P Pecaoco, MD, Kathryn U Roa, MD, MPH, FPCP, FPSMID, CSPSH and Jessie F Orcasitas, MD, FPCP, FPCCP

Article Type: Research Article | First Published: September 14, 2022

Various diagnostic tests across COVID-19 literatures were employed as surrogate markers in COVID-19, wherein interleukin-6 (IL-6) - gauge for cytokine storm or impending severity - is not readily available. This study determined the clinical value of inflammatory markers and hematologic indices as warning indicators in the prediction of severity of COVID-19 infection. Cut-off values were also determined....

 Open Access DOI:10.23937/2474-3658/1510276

Toxicity and Antiplasmodial Assessments of Chromolaena odorata Leaf Extract on Plasmodium berghei-Infected Mice

Confidence Ogechi Nworgu, Kinsley Elele and Elias Adikwu

Article Type: Original Article | First Published: August 12, 2022

This study assessed the toxicity and antiplasmodial profile of the ethanolic leaf extract of Chromolaena odorata on Plasmodium berghei-infected mice. The extract was screen qualitatively and quantitatively for phytochemical constituents. Adult Swiss albino mice (20-23 g) of n = 5/group were inoculated with Plasmodium berghei intraperitoneally and were orally treated with the extract (250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg) and...

 Open Access DOI:10.23937/2474-3658/1510275

Re-Emergence of Monkeypox in Sierra Leone, a Challenge for Clinicians in a Developing Country, 2021: A Case Report

Paul Mansaray, Adel Hussein Elduma, Leonard Hakizimana, Kassim Kamara, Alden Henderson and Gebrekrstos Negash Gebru

Article Type: Case Report | First Published: August 11, 2022

Monkeypox is an emerging zoonotic disease with potentially serious illness with similar symptoms as smallpox but with the distinguishing symptom of lymphadenopathy. On March 9, 2021, health authorities in the Koinadugu District in Sierra Leone reported a suspected case of monkeypox. We investigated this case to confirm the diagnosis, and to identify the source of infection and risk factors, and institute control measures....

 Open Access DOI:10.23937/2474-3658/1510274

First Few Cases Study to Investigate Clinical and Epidemiological Characteristics of COVID-19 in the Early Phase of the Response, Sierra Leone 2020

Kassim Kamara, Gebrekrstos Negash Gebru, Angella Sandra Namwase, James Sylvester Squire, Monique Foster, Tushar Singh and Michelle L Sloan

Article Type: Research Article | First Published: August 08, 2022

Sierra Leone reported its first case of COVID-19 on March 30, 2020. This report describes the clinical characteristics and the epidemiological features of the first few cases and contacts of COVID-19 in Sierra Leone....

 Open Access DOI:10.23937/2474-3658/1510273

Monkey-Pox Virus and It’s Impact

Vikshit Tahiliani and Tetiana Kolotylo

Article Type: Review Article | First Published: August 05, 2022

Monkey-pox has been one of the most recent outbreak in more than 10 countries worldwide. Monkeypox is a DNA virus that is an orthopox virus family which is actually related to smallpox, but not as dangerous. So some key differences are that it is a DNA virus and whereas with SARS-CoV-2 which had 30,000 RNA codes basically, the monkey-pox is a double stranded DNA virus and its much larger virus which has 200,000 base pairs, so probably more pairs to sequence and probably more genes to sequence as...

 Open Access DOI:10.23937/2474-3658/1510272

Incidence and Predictors of Pregnancy among HIV Positive Women on ART in North West Ethiopia, a Retrospective Cohort Study

Yenesew Fentahun Gebrie, Tadesse Mihretie Dessie and Dawit Yeshiwas

Article Type: Research Article | First Published: August 04, 2022

The objective of this study was to identify the prevalence and significant factors of incidence of pregnancy among HIV positive women under ART follow up....

 Open Access DOI:10.23937/2474-3658/1510271

Controversies of Arterial Hypertension in People Living with HIV on Antiretroviral Treatment

Daniel Vargas-Pacherrez

Article Type: Review Article | First Published: July 13, 2022

Antiretroviral therapy (ART) in HIV carriers increased the life expectancy of this population, favoring the emergence of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases and cancer as the main causes of death. To review the literature on the prevalence of arterial hypertension (AH) and associated factors in HIV carriers using ART....

 Open Access DOI:10.23937/2474-3658/1510270

Prevalence of Haemoparasites among Blood Donors Attending the Regional Hospital Center of Franceville (Southern Gabon)

Hilaire Moundounga Kenguele, Bourdettes Meye, Thiery Ndong and Patrick Mickala

Article Type: Research Article | First Published: July 13, 2022

Blood donation is a lifesaving intervention and a precious gift for patients in urgent need. However, the blood should be carefully checked for transfusion-transmitted infections such as HIV, hepatitis, syphilis, malaria and other endemic haemoparasites. In Gabon, like in many other African countries, blood is not routinely screened for malaria as recommended by the World health organization....

 Open Access DOI:10.23937/2474-3658/1510269

A Review of the 2008/2009 and 2018/2019 Cholera Outbreaks in Zimbabwe: Call for Public Health Action

Amon Munyenyiwa, Godfrey Musuka, Masceline Jenipher Mutsaka-Makuvaza, Tolbert Mucheri, Nicholas Midzi, Aspire Mudavanhu, Charles Maponga, Tafadzwa Jaime Musandirangana, Zindoga Mukandavire, Maines Munyanyi and Portia Manangazira

Article Type: Review Article | First Published: July 13, 2022

Cholera is a diarrheal infectious disease that continues to cause morbidity and mortality in Zimbabwe. This study reviews the morbidity and mortality data of cholera in Zimbabwe during the 2008/2009 and 2018/2019 outbreaks, critically discussing the factors responsible for the outbreaks and then suggests recommendations for public health actions....

 Open Access DOI:10.23937/2474-3658/1510268

Prevalence of Intestinal Parasitic Infections in Iraq during a Period from 2000-2020

Nadham Kadham Mahdi, M.Sc, Ph.D

Article Type: Original Article | First Published: July 01, 2022

The prevalence history for intestinal protozoal and helminthic infections among Iraqi people is reviewed from 2000-2020. The distribution of the intestinal parasites is mentioned in different communities including hospital patients, primary school children, food handlers, general population, immunocompromised patients, malnourished patients, sicklers and day-care centers attendance in both rural and urban regions....

 Open Access DOI:10.23937/2474-3658/1510267

Tigecycline-Induced Clinical Jaundice: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

Sarah Ali Althomali

Article Type: Case Report | First Published: June 17, 2022

Tigecycline gained large popularity due to its efficacy against multi-drug-resistant organisms. Tigecycline has a good safety profile, and its most encountered side effects are nausea, vomiting and diarrhea. However, tigecycline has been associated with a mild and transient hepatotoxicity....

 Open Access DOI:10.23937/2474-3658/1510266

Evaluation of the Quality of Malaria Case Management at a Rural Health Facility in the Savannah Region of Ghana

Joseph Owusu-Marfo, Yaa Nyarko Agyeman, Augusta Soninour Kolekang, Samuel Bimpong and Abdul Manan Sumani

Article Type: Research Article | First Published: June 17, 2022

Malaria remains a major public health issue in the world especially in the resourced-limited countries. Ghana is not left out as the incidence of malaria still accounts 40% of all OPD cases....

 Open Access DOI:10.23937/2474-3658/1510265

Guillain-Barre Syndrome Post-COVID 19 Vaccination with Sinovac CoronaVac in a 59-Year-Old Male: First Reported Case in the Philippines

Bello Marq Wilson, MD and Aguirre Amador III

Article Type: Case Report | First Published: June 17, 2022

COVID-19 pandemic has severely disrupted our lives, wrecking havoc in our economies and pushing the healthcare sector to its breaking point. This prompted world governments to come up with different measures and protocols in the hope of containing and preventing the further spread of the COVID-19 virus....

 Open Access DOI:10.23937/2474-3658/1510264

Factors Affecting Tuberculosis Case Detection in Kwahu East District of the Eastern Region, Ghana - A Health Facility-Based Cross-Sectional Study among TB Patients

Mukasa Kabiri, Anthony Agamba, Paul Kofi Awuffor, Helena Sakyibea Darkwa, Kortey Larweh, Kenneth Owusu Frimpong and Ayenor Michael

Article Type: Original Research | First Published: June 16, 2022

Tuberculosis is ranked the second cause of mortalities in the world only behind the deadly COVID-19. The disease is very communicable especially in poorly ventilated environments and crowded places. High risk of transmission from patients to health workers and then to the general population has been a great worry for the tuberculosis control programme worldwide....

 Open Access DOI:10.23937/2474-3658/1510263

Epidemiological Study of COVID-19 in Single Center in Baghdad City-Iraq

Yasmin H Talibv and Suadad J AL-daboony

Article Type: Original Research | First Published: May 31, 2022

Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, a novel strain of corona virus was first detected in December 2019 in Wuhan, a city of Chinas Hubei province with population of 11 million, after an outbreak of pneumonia without an obvious cause....

 Open Access DOI:10.23937/2474-3658/1510262

Epidemiological and Clinical Report of Patients during the First Wave of COVID-19 in Gambella Region, South West Ethiopia: 2020. A Retrospective Cohort Study

Abreha Addis Gesese, Endale Zenebe Behire, Tarekegn Tesfaw Alemu and Tsegay Gebreselassie

Article Type: Research Article | First Published: May 30, 2022

Covid-19 has continued to cause all round devastation globally, including our country, Ethiopia. To halt the spread, knowing the epidemiological, laboratory, and clinical characteristics of patients is significant....

Volume 8
Issue 5