Open Access DOI:10.23937/2474-3658/1510326
Climate Change, Vector-Borne Diseases, and Conflict: Intersecting Challenges in Vulnerable States
Adeniyi Ayinde Abdulwahab, Yusuff Adebayo Adebisi, Ashiru Mustapha Adeniyi, Taiwo Olawehinmi, Omotayo Faith Olanrewaju, Agwuna Favour Obianuju and Ibrahim Abdulmumin Damilola
Article Type: Commentary | First Published: 2024/08/19
This commentary provides a detailed examination of the interplay between climate change, vector-borne diseases (VBDs), and conflict within fragile and conflict-affected states (FCS). It identifies how climate change intensifies existing vulnerabilities by altering the conditions favorable to disease vectors, which exacerbates public health crises in regions already destabilized by conflict. This analysis highlights the profound multiplier effect of climate change on VBD transmission through ecol...
Open Access DOI:10.23937/2474-3658/1510325
Fulminant Hepatitis A with Favourable Outcome
Sonia TALEB, Amel OUYAHIA, Mounira RAIS, Wahiba GUENIFI, Meriem GUECHI and Abdelmadjid LACHEHEB
Article Type: Case Report | First Published: 2024/08/16
However, we report a case of fulminant hepatitis secondary to a hepatitis A virus (HAV) in a 44-year-old male. With no previous history, he had jaundice, asthenia and hepatic encephalopathy. The biological assessment revealed hepatocellular insufficiency, hepatic cytolysis and cholestasis. The outcome was favourable without liver transplantation....
Open Access DOI:10.23937/2474-3658/1510324
The Role of Microbiome in Malaria Transmission and Severity
Kwame Kumi Asare and Paul Ekow Duntu
Article Type: Review Article | First Published: 2024/07/10
Malaria is a public health concern, especially in Sub-Saharan Africa. Several malaria control programs to treat, control, and eradicate malaria have been implemented, however, more than 90% of malaria-related deaths in under five years occur in Africa. With the emergence and spread of artemisinin-resistant P. falciparum, global malaria control now focuses on vaccine development and a search for novel and efficient antimalarial drugs. Although current evidence shows host microbiota play a signifi...
Open Access DOI:10.23937/2474-3658/1510323
Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices of Healthcare Students' Infection Control in COVID-19 Test Sampling in Vietnam: A Cross-Sectional Descriptive Study
Khanh Hoang Pham, Quyen Thi My Huynh, Ny Dang Tieu Tran, Phuong Truc Vo, Nhat Minh Phan, Tuong Manh Do, Thi Anh Nguyen, Karl Rennick-Zuefle and Tin Hoang Nguyen
Article Type: Research article | First Published: 2024/06/30
The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic became much more severe in 2021. Healthcare students were a crucial population that needs to participate in disease preventive assistance and were very susceptible to COVID-19 exposure due to the specialized nature of their area of study. Knowledge, attitudes, and practices were important for protecting healthcare volunteer students against infection in COVID-19 sampling....
Open Access DOI:10.23937/2474-3658/1510321
Unveiling the Masquerade: Pulmonary Mycosis Mimicking Pulmonary Malignancy- A Case Series
Haris Zia, MD, Matthew D. McCoy APP>, Andre Ene, MD, Walid Hadid, MD, Jamie Sturgill, PhD and Ashish P. Maskey, MD
Article Type: Case Series | First Published: 2024/05/25
Fungal pneumonia or pulmonary mycosis is a fungal infection of the lungs [1]. It can be caused by an endemic pathogen in immunocompetent hosts or an opportunistic agent in immunocompromised patients or a combination of both. Among the myriads of pathogens implicated in pulmonary mycosis, Aspergillus spp. Candida spp. Coccidioides spp. and Pneumocystis jiroveci are more prevalent [2]. Pulmonary mycoses present a significant clinical challenge due to the...
Open Access DOI:10.23937/2474-3658/1510319
Nocardia Infection and Associated Outcomes in Patients with Solid Organ Transplant
Rezwan Munshi, MD, Narois Nehru, MD, Madison Lannom, MD, James R. Pellegrini Jr, MD, Ngoc-Van Tran, MD and Fatima Anjum, MD
Article Type: Research Article | First Published: 2024/04/18
Solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients are more susceptible to infections, particularly Nocardia infections (NI). Our study examines the outcomes associated with NI in SOT recipients. Our study used National Inpatient Sample data (2015-Q4 to 2018) and ICD-10 codes to identify patients with NI and SOT. Pearson chi-square test was used to evaluate categorical and continuous variables....
Open Access DOI:10.23937/2474-3658/1510317
Knowledge, Attitude and Risk Factors of Acquiring Leptospirosis and Other Rodent-Borne Diseases in Kibondo and Kakonko Districts, Kigoma, Tanzania
Clara A. Majawa, Abdul A.S. Katakweba, PB Madoshi, Ginethon G. Mhamphi and Athumani M. Lupindu
Article Type: Research Article | First Published: 2024/02/29
Globally, leptospirosis is an overlooked zoonotic disease due to health illiteracy, given the high prevalence of various zoonotic diseases today, improving individual knowledge and fostering health literacy could be essential in enhancing the prevention and control of infectious diseases. This study evaluated the knowledge, attitudes, and risk factors for leptospirosis and other rodent-borne diseases....
Open Access DOI:10.23937/2474-3658/1510316
Variability of Hepatitis B Genotypes among HIV Infected Individuals in Kenya
Rency Lel, Sheila Kageha, Dama Olungae, Alex Maiyo, Timothy Muasya, Joyceline Kinyua, Lihana Raphael, Judy Chege, Nancy Lagat, Lucy Kanyara and Mwangi Joseph
Article Type: Original Article | First Published: 2024/02/17
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in Africa. Sub-Saharan Africa accounts for over 27 million (75%) of the global burden of HIV. Viral co-infections are also becoming common especially Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) viruses due to shared risk factors and mode of transmission. HIV and Hepatitis co-infections affects disease progression and complicates management. ...
Open Access DOI:10.23937/2474-3658/1510315
Seropositivity of Anti-CMV IgM Antibody among Women of Child-Bearing Age Attending Selected Hospitals in Kaduna State, Nigeria
Anchau Zainab Garba, Suleiman Ahmad Babangida, Olonitola O Stephen and Kwanashie Clara N
Article Type: Original Article | First Published: 2024/02/11
Human Cytomegalovirus is one of the most common cause of congenital viral infections. The study was conducted to determine the seroprevalence of Human Cytomegalovirus among women of child-bearing age attending selected hospitals in Kaduna State, Nigeria. A total of 228 blood samples were obtained from the women and processed serologically using Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). In addition, structured questionnaire was used to determine socio-demographic and risk factors associated with...
Open Access DOI:10.23937/2474-3658/1510314
Tracking Covid-19 in England and Wales: Insights from Virus Watch - A Prospective Community Cohort Study
Wing Lam Erica Fong, Vincent Grigori Nguyen, Sarah Beale, Thomas E Byrne, Cyril Geismar, Ellen Fragaszy, Jana Kovar, Annalan M D Navaratnam, Alexei Yavlinsky, Ibrahim Abubakar, Andrew C Hayward and Robert W Aldridge
Article Type: Original Article | First Published: 2024/01/31
Virus Watch is a prospective community cohort study of COVID-19 of 28,527 households in England and Wales designed to estimate the incidence of PCR-confirmed COVID-19 in those with respiratory presentations and examine symptom profiles and transmission of COVID-19 in relation to population movement and behaviour. The Office for National Statistics (ONS) COVID-19 infection survey (CIS) was the largest regular survey of COVID-19 infections and antibodies in the UK and included 227,797 households.....
Open Access DOI:10.23937/2474-3658/1510313
Eg.5 Variant Approaching the Status of "Variant of Concern": A Future Perspective
Mujahed I. Mustafa and Abdelrafie M. Makhawi
Article Type: Commentary | First Published: 2023/12/20
The EG.5 subvariant of SARS-CoV-2 has emerged as the predominant COVID-19 variant in the United States, raising concerns among virologists due to its high transmissibility and ability to evade immunity. This variant is approaching the status of a Variant of Concern, which is defined as a variant that exhibits a noticeable increase in spread, virulence, and demonstrable impacts on diagnosis, treatment, and vaccines. ...
Open Access DOI:10.23937/2474-3658/1510312
Antimalarial Health Seekers' Preferences and Perceptions: Insights from Ghana
Dennis Wilmot, Kwame Kumi Asare and Yeboah Kwaku Opoku
Article Type: Original Research | First Published: 2023/11/27
In malaria-endemic regions like Ghana, success in combatting the disease hinges on information accessibility and individual decision-making. The emergence of commercial herbal remedies for malaria treatment, along with the channels through which people acquire this knowledge, holds significant weight. Individuals play an active role in choosing between herbal and conventional antimalarial drugs, such as artemisinin combination therapy....
Open Access DOI:10.23937/2474-3658/1510307
Impact of Demographic Characteristics and Therapy on Tuberculosis Incident Cases
Iliedor Garcon
Article Type: Dissertation | First Published: 2023/08/30
For more than two decades, tuberculosis (TB) has ranked second among the top killers of infectious diseases, with an estimated 10.4 million incident cases in 2018. Demographic characteristics and drug susceptibility influence TB incidence worldwide. Using a retrospective cohort design, the purpose of this quantitative study was to investigate whether race/ethnicity, age, sex (gender), therapy completion within one year (COT), and testing for isoniazid and rifampin susceptibility (TIRS) were pred...
Open Access DOI:10.23937/2474-3658/1510310
Anthrax Outbreak in Nigeria: An Issue for Concern?
Tolulope Sharon Rumide, Elohor Samuel and Oluwabusola Oni
Article Type: Review Article | First Published: 2023/09/30
Anthrax is a highly pathogenic zoonotic disease that is attributed to the aerobic, rod-like Gram-positive bacteria known as Bacillus anthracis. This disease primarily affects domestic and wild herbivores through the consumption of vegetation, water or soil and inhalation of air or dust contaminated with highly resistant B. anthracis spores. ...
Open Access DOI:10.23937/2474-3658/1510308
'Don't Let the Problem go Unheard. Let's Get Rid of Rabies' - A Review of the Past, Present and Future Perspective of Rabies
Man Mohan Mehndiratta, Renuka Upadhyaya, Vasundhra Agarwal and Monalisa Vegda
Article Type: Review Article | First Published: 2023/08/31
Rabies, a negative strand RNA virus belonging to the genus Lyssavirus has existed since hundreds of years. Available historical texts called it 'an ancient curse'. From Aristotle in fourth century BC to present day, rabies virus has existed in various species of animals. Modern day molecular epidemiology has proven the evolving nature of the virus. The virus showcases considerable genetic plasticity and hence it still exists as a tangible threat in the 21st century....
