Oral health can be act as “mirror” that indicate and reflect the overall health condition, life style and oral hygiene. Oral cavity harbours arrays of microorganisms that interact with diet, oral environment, and host. This complex dynamic interaction results in microbial colonization and the subsequent oral biofilm formation. Oral biofilms are highly ordered, surface-associated assemblages of microorganisms embedded in an extracellular matrix. These surface-attached microbial communities ar...

Commonly, the mandibular premolars’ root canal system is complex and usually requires special management skills in root canal treatment. The occurrence of three root canals in the mandibular first premolar is relatively uncommon. Furthermore, the four root canals in the second premolar are extremely rare and clinically quite challenging to manage. Proper knowledge of the root canal anatomy and delicate radiographic interpretation and clinical inspection is essential for successful root canal t...

Several factors including the access to the root canal systems could influence the fatigue of rotating or reciprocating endodontic instruments. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of conservative (CAC) and truss access cavity (TAC) preparation on the cyclic fatigue resistance of endodontic nickel-titanium (NiTi) files. A total of sixty extracted human intact mandibular molars were selected and assigned to CAC or TAC group (n = 30). All samples received root canal treatment. A total of...

Coronavirus infection has been considered by the WHO (World Health Organization) as a global pandemic. Since its origin, it has posed a threat to global health, not so much because of its symptoms, but because of its rapid spread, contagion and the respiratory complications that it produces in patients with other chronic underlying conditions. The oral cavity has a high viral load, which is very important for oral hygiene and all biosafety protocols. In this year 2020, the world population has b...